Plant Anatomy and Cell Structure Quiz

The study of the internal structure of plants, focusing on the organization and function of different tissues and organs.

The smallest unit of life in plants, responsible for basic functions.

A rigid, protective outer layer surrounding a plant cell, providing support and strength.

The outermost layer of the cell wall, formed during cell division, and composed of pectin to hold cells together.

The primary cell wall is thin, flexible, and expands during cell growth, primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and protein.

A rigid, non-elastic layer formed after cell maturation, adding extra strength and rigidity to the cell wall.

A complex polysaccharide that forms strong fibers in the cell wall, providing structure and support.

A complex organic polymer that adds rigidity and strength to the secondary cell wall, often found in wood.

Long, narrow, and elongated cells with tapered ends that provide support and structure to the plant.

Fibers found within the xylem tissue.

Fibers found in tissues other than xylem.

Short, thick-walled cells with various shapes, smaller than fibers.

Sclerids that have a star-shaped appearance, like the stars in the night sky.

Sclerids that have a bone-like appearance, similar to the shape of a human bone.

A type of tissue composed of more than one type of cell, working together for a specific function.

A complex tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to the stem and leaves.

Tiny pores or gaps in the cell wall where cell wall components have not been deposited.

Cytoplasmic strands that extend through the pits, connecting the cytoplasm and organelles of neighboring cells.

The dense, membrane-bound structure within a cell that contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

An extensive network of interconnected membranes within the cytoplasm that serves as the cell's 'highway' for transporting materials and is involved in protein synthesis.

Double-membrane bound organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for energy production through respiration.

Conducts sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant.

Living cells that lack a nucleus at maturity.

Specialized cells that regulate the activity of sieve tubes.

Living parenchyma cells that store food reserves.

Sclerenchyma fibers that provide support and strength to the phloem.

The outermost layer of a plant that provides protection, regulates gas exchange, and absorbs water.

Tiny pores in the epidermis that allow for gas exchange.

Outgrowths from the epidermis that can have various functions like protection, absorption, or secretion.

The main conducting element in angiosperms, responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant. It comprises a series of elongated cells joined end to end, forming tube-like structures. These cells have thick lignified walls with perforations at their ends, allowing for efficient water flow.

The main conducting element in gymnosperms, involved in transporting water and minerals. These are elongated cells joined end to end, creating a tube-like structure like vessels. However, tracheids lack the perforations found in vessel elements, and have tapering ends.

The earliest formed primary xylem elements, developed during the early stages of plant growth.

The later-formed primary xylem elements, developed after the protoxylem, providing more efficient water transport as the plant grows.

A type of cell wall thickening found in tracheary elements (vessels and tracheids). It forms continuous rings around the cell, providing support and strength.

A type of cell wall thickening found in tracheary elements, forming helical bands, spiraling along the cell wall, providing structural support and flexibility.

A type of cell wall thickening found in tracheary elements, forming ladder-like structures called bars, facilitating water movement.

The outermost protective layer of the stem, consisting of a single layer of barrel-shaped parenchyma cells covered with a thin layer of cuticle and having stomata controlled by guard cells. It may contain trichomes or epidermal hairs.

Several layers of collenchyma cells below the epidermis that provide mechanical strength and flexibility to the young stem. It can also participate in photosynthesis due to the presence of chloroplasts.

A region of the dicot stem consisting of spherical parenchyma cells that store food. In green stems, the outer few layers may contain chloroplasts and contribute to photosynthesis.

The innermost layer of the cortex, rich in starch grains and referred to as the starch sheath. It has a wavy shape.

A layer found on the outer boundary of the vascular system in a dicot stem, below the starch sheath. It consists of few layers of sclerenchyma fibers (extra-xylary) that provide additional strength and support.

They are arranged in a ring around the central pith, and their type is open collateral. Each vascular bundle consists of phloem on the outside connected to the xylem with a strip of cambium in between. Protoxylem lies towards the center, and metaxylem lies outside.

The central part of the dicot stem, consisting of parenchyma cells that mainly help in food storage.

Strips of parenchyma cells that occur between vascular bundles as rays and connect the pith with the cortex.