Planetary Science Quiz: Jovian vs. Terrestrial Planets

<p>They all have ring systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jovian planets typically have high masses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waxing Crescent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>June Solstice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waning Gibbous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have solid surfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lunar Eclipse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Moon → Waxing Crescent → Waxing Gibbous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Core (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sunspots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corona (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection Zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corona (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar spots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports energy from the core to the convection zone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The position of the Earth in the universe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The circular motion of planets around the Sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the stability and motion of orbits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gravitational pull of the Sun and its distance from Earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sun is at the center of the solar system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple telescopes and visual observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That celestial and terrestrial motions are governed by different laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence oceanic currents and ecosystems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gravitational collapse of stars can be explained through Newton's laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changed from once a week to once a month (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emits radiation at all wavelengths. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease from lots to modest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency and wavelength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical composition of materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>72% H, 27% He (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as the reservoir for star-forming materials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraction of a gas cloud under gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exhibits dual characteristics in quantum phenomena. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects color perception in light waves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planets that are relatively small, dense, and rocky, with a solid surface. They are located closer to the Sun.

Planets that are large, gaseous, and lack a solid surface. They are located farther from the Sun.

An imaginary sphere surrounding the Earth, on which all celestial objects appear to be projected.

They are giant, luminous balls of hot gas, primarily hydrogen and helium. They produce energy through nuclear fusion.

The Earth's axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees, which causes the seasons.

The day when the Earth's hemisphere is tilted most directly towards the Sun, resulting in the longest day of the year.

A spacecraft that quickly passes by a celestial body to gather data and take images, often with high speed and short observation times.

The different appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth caused by the changing angles of the illuminated portion of the Moon visible from Earth.

A spacecraft designed to orbit a celestial body, often for extended periods, to study its atmosphere, surface, and environment.

A technique to detect exoplanets by observing the slight decrease in a star's brightness as a planet passes in front of it.

A model of the universe where Earth is at the center and everything else revolves around it.

A model of the universe where the Sun is at the center and all planets, including Earth, revolve around it.

The shift in scientific thinking from the geocentric to the heliocentric model, named after Nicolaus Copernicus who proposed the heliocentric model.

A set of three laws explaining how objects move and interact.

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant speed and direction.

A push or pull that can change an object's motion.

The rate at which an object's velocity changes over time.

The gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on Earth's oceans, causing tides.

The process where atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei, releasing tremendous energy. This is the process that powers the Sun.

The Sun's innermost layer where nuclear fusion takes place, converting hydrogen into helium and releasing tremendous energy.

The layer surrounding the core where energy is transported outwards through radiation.

The layer above the radiative zone where energy is transported by convection currents.

The visible surface of the Sun, where light and heat radiate into space.

The layer above the photosphere, characterized by reddish color and emits a spectrum of light, including hydrogen alpha.

The outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere, extending far into space and reaching millions of degrees Celsius.

Cooler, darker areas on the Sun's photosphere caused by magnetic activity.

Sunspots are caused by intense magnetic fields that suppress the flow of heat to the Sun's surface.

A spectrum is a range of colors that are separated by wavelength.

Analyzing the Sun's spectrum allows us to determine its composition, temperature, and motion.

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, arranged by wavelength or frequency. It includes visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

The electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object at any temperature. The hotter the object, the more radiation it emits and the shorter the peak wavelength of the radiation.

Light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. It propagates as a wave, but interacts with matter as if it were made of discrete packets of energy called photons.

The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. It analyzes the unique spectrum of light emitted or absorbed by specific substances.

The change in frequency of a wave as the source and observer move relative to each other. Approaching sources have higher frequencies (blueshifted), receding sources have lower frequencies (redshifted).

The gas and dust that fills the space between stars in a galaxy. It's mostly hydrogen and helium, with traces of heavier elements.

A dense, hot core of collapsing gas which is beginning to form a star. It's the first stage of stellar evolution.

A cloud of gas and dust collapses under its own gravity, eventually reaching a core temperature high enough to ignite nuclear fusion.

The theory that our solar system formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula, which contracted under gravity and fragmented into planets.

Planets are celestial bodies that orbit stars. Stars are massive, luminous balls of plasma that generate energy through nuclear fusion.