Questions and Answers
If we found an Earth-sized planet orbiting very close to another star (causing it to be very hot), which planet would its surface resemble the most?
Venus
If Mars were the same size as Mercury (instead of its actual size), which surface features would it have?
Lots of craters, but few valleys, mountains, and volcanoes.
Why doesn't Earth have as many craters as the Moon?
Most of Earth's craters have been erased by volcanism, tectonic activity, and erosion.
Which of the following would cause Venus's surface geology to look the most different from the way it looks today?
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If Earth were half its actual size (making it a medium-sized planet), which planet would its surface resemble the most?
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Which of the following represents the sequence in which the listed planets become geologically dead?
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If a planet is found to have lots of tectonic activity, which other geologic process is most likely to be very active as well?
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Why does Mercury have more craters than Venus?
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Rank the terrestrial planets based on their expected cooling rates, from fastest cooling to slowest cooling.
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Rank the terrestrial planets based on the amount of time the surface has had moderate to high levels of volcanic/tectonic activity, from longest to shortest.
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What is the main reason Mercury is much hotter than the Moon?
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What do greenhouse gases do?
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What would the temperature of a planet be if its reflectivity were 1.0?
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Mars's surface temperature would be higher if
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Which of the following gases are greenhouse gases?
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If Venus's atmosphere contained the same amount of greenhouse gases as Earth's atmosphere, its surface temperature would be
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The energy that warms Earth's surface comes primarily in the form of __________.
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In what form(s) does Earth return most of its energy to space?
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Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, make Earth warmer than it would be otherwise because these gases
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How do scientists 'know' what Earth's temperature would be without greenhouse gases?
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On a cloudless day, what happens to most of the visible light headed toward Earth?
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What happens to the energy that the ground absorbs in the form of visible sunlight?
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The greenhouse effect raises Earth's surface temperature (from what it would be otherwise) because the infrared light radiated by Earth's surface
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Which heat source continues to contribute to Earth's internal heat?
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Which internal heat source still actively generates heat within the terrestrial worlds today?
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The reason that small planets tend to lose interior heat faster than larger planets is essentially the same as the reason that
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Study Notes
Planetary Comparisons
- An Earth-sized planet close to another star would have a surface resembling Venus due to the extreme heat.
- A scaled-down Mars would feature lots of craters but minimal valleys, mountains, and volcanoes, akin to Mercury's surface.
- Mercury possesses more craters than Venus because it lacks significant geological activity to erase them, while Venus's greater mass contributes to its extensive volcanic landscape.
Geological Activity and Planet Size
- Earth's surface has fewer craters than the Moon due to extensive volcanism, tectonic movement, and erosion processes.
- If Venus were halved in size, its surface geology would become markedly different.
- A smaller Earth would share more characteristics with Mars, reflecting cooling and geological processes.
Geological Deadness Sequence
- The geological lifespan of terrestrial planets tends to decrease in the order: Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, indicating that smaller planets cool and become geologically inactive quicker.
Tectonic Activity Insights
- Tectonic activity is often paired with significant volcanic activity, indicating a dynamic surface environment.
Thermal Dynamics
- Mercury's proximity to the Sun results in higher temperatures compared to the Moon.
- If a planet has a reflectivity of 1.0, it would result in extremely low temperatures.
- An increase in greenhouse gases on Mars would elevate its surface temperature significantly.
Greenhouse Gas Effects
- Carbon dioxide and water vapor are established greenhouse gases that absorb and transmit infrared light, contributing to temperature stabilization on Earth.
- Venus's surface would be much cooler if it had a comparable amount of greenhouse gases to Earth's atmosphere.
Energy Balance on Earth
- Earth's surface is primarily warmed by visible light from the Sun, which is partially reflected and absorbed.
- Energy returns to space via multiple forms: reflected visible light and emitted infrared light from the surface and atmosphere.
- The greenhouse effect enriches Earth's temperature by absorbing infrared light emitted from the surface, which slows energy escape.
Internal Heat Sources
- The internal heat of Earth is sustained through radioactive decay, a process still active in terrestrial worlds today.
- Smaller planets release their internal heat more quickly than larger ones due to greater surface area relative to their volume, leading to faster cooling.
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Description
Explore the fascinating comparisons between terrestrial planets and their geological characteristics in this quiz. Learn how size and distance from the sun can influence a planet's surface and geological activity. Test your knowledge on the relationship between planet size and geology!
