Plan de collection zoologique

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Nommez les cinq objectifs d'un plan de collection?

Faire un état des lieux, En tirer les points forts, Lister les animaux qu'on a, Lister les animaux qu'on aimerait avoir, Utiliser des outils : ISIS, EAZA, RCP, EEP, TAG, Master plan

L'EEP a pour objectif de :

Rétablir une population animale menacée et dépasser une situation critique. (correct)

Répondre aux besoins pédagogiques des visiteurs.

Développer des programmes de recherche sur les espèces menacées.

Fournir des ressources aux zoos pour l'élevage des animaux.

Citez trois exemples d'outils utilisés dans la gestion d'un plan de collection.

ISIS, EAZA, RCP, EEP, TAG, Master plan

La réintroduction d'animaux est toujours une action positive pour la conservation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principal problème soulevé par la consanguinité ?

Diminution de la diversité génétique Signup and view all the answers

Expliquez en quoi la contension chimique est une action à risque.

La contension chimique comporte plusieurs risques, notamment les allergies, le dosage, la réaction du groupe, l'environnement qui peut causer des accidents, et la gestion du réveil. Signup and view all the answers

Décrivez deux des objectifs des directives européennes en matière de protection et de conservation de la faune sauvage.

Renforcer la protection et conservation de la faune sauvage en renforçant le rôle des zoos dans la biodiversité, Donner l'agrément aux parcs zoologiques si les conditions sont respectées. Signup and view all the answers

La loi zoo de 2018 a pour but d'encadrer le commerce des animaux et d'assurer le respect de la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction (CITES).

True Signup and view all the answers

Nommez deux catégories d'animaux classés dans l'Annexe I de la CITES.

Le panda, les grands singes, les rhinocéros. Signup and view all the answers

Pourquoi est-il important de demander une autorisation pour accéder à une zone de contact d'immersion ?

Pour des raisons de sécurité et de pédagogie. Il est important de contrôler l'accès afin de garantir la sécurité des visiteurs et des animaux, et de garantir un contexte pédagogique adéquat. Signup and view all the answers

Citez trois informations que l'on peut trouver sur un panneau explicatif concernant un animal.

Nom scientifique et vernaculaire dans la langue du pays, Répartition géographique et menaces, Caractéristiques, âge, poids Signup and view all the answers

Associer les pratiques aux documents nécessaires.

Commerces d'animaux = CITES, TRACES, Autorisation de transporteur, Identification des animaux, Passeport, Document de nettoyage, Document d'accueil, Facture pro-forma Mise à mort d'animaux = Interdites Signup and view all the answers

Qu'est-ce que le BEA ?

Le BEA (Bien-Être Animal) est un concept qui englobe la santé physique et mentale de l'animal, sa capacité à exprimer ses besoins naturels et à vivre dans un environnement confortable et sécurisé. Signup and view all the answers

Nommez deux besoins fondamentaux de la pyramide de Maslow pour les animaux.

Besoin de sécurité et besoins physiologiques. Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principal indicateur physiologique du stress aigu ?

Adrénaline Signup and view all the answers

Citez deux éléments somatiques qui peuvent stresser un animal.

Sons, vision, odeurs étrangères, sensations tactiles inconnues, position, température, pression, étirement animaux muscles et tendons, effets de produits ou médicaments. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abbreviations

EAZA: European association of Zoos and aquaria
ISIS: International species information system
RCP: Regional collection plan
EEP: European breeding program for endangered species
TAG: Taxon advisory group
IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora
TRACES: Trade control and expert system

Creating a Collection Plan

Step 1: Make a baseline assessment.
Step 2: Identify the strengths.
Step 3: List the animals currently held.
Step 4: List animals desired to acquire.
Step 5: Utilize tools: ISIS, EAZA, RCP, EEP, TAG, Master plan.

Four Missions of a Zoological Park

Mission 1: Education
Mission 2: Research
Mission 3: Conservation
Mission 4: Animal Welfare

Reintroduction

Role of EEP: Goal is to re-establish a threatened animal population and overcome a critical situation.
Starting with a dozen founding members.
Genetic analysis of the population: Bloodline relationships? Loss of genetic diversity?
Maintaining genetic diversity:
- Source population → Bottleneck → Founding members → New individuals.
Genetic control

Issues

Inability of individuals to adapt.
Loss of behavior crucial for survival.
Unavailability of biotopes.
Risk of contamination by pathogens.

Role of the Zoo Veterinarian

Controlling Parasites: External and internal (fecal analysis) → Deworming.
Vaccinations
Identification: Required for entries and exits → Microchips, ear tags, ear notches, marking.
Monitoring of Births
Husbandry advice: Enclosures, legal documents, analyses, euthanasia, autopsies, anesthesia, handling, daily checkups every 6 months.

Surgical Procedures

Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and castration.
Implants, injections, pill deployment
Physical separation of males and females.

Anesthesia

Three roles: Muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, pain relief.
Injection: IV > SC > IM
Resistance: adrenaline is vital to consider with female animals with young.
Difficulty: weight estimation is crucial.
Preparing equipment: Anesthetic injection → Monitoring → Antidote injection.
Equipment: Hypodermic needle, dart gun, mini-dart guns
Dart types: Blunt-tipped, pointed, barbed-tipped dart.
Application site: Thigh or neck, avoiding fatty areas.

Veterinary Assistance During Surgery

Preventing hindrance to the veterinarian or operated area.
Silence
Anticipation
Handling organs
Cleaning the area: Counting gauze pads
Hemostasis: clamping with forceps, electrocautery
Eye protection
Aiding recovery
Safety precautions

Goals of Directives

European Directive (1999): Strengthen protection and conservation of wildlife by enhancing the role of zoos in biodiversity.
Royal Decree of the Walloon Government Regarding Accreditation of Zoological Parks (2018): Grants accreditation if conditions are met.
Zoo Law (2018): Strengthen protection and conservation of wildlife by enhancing the role of zoos in biodiversity → Translates European directive.
Minimum standards for mammals (1999): Holding norms for mammals.
Minimum standards for birds (2000): Detention norms for birds.
Minimum standards for reptiles (2004): Detention standards for reptiles.
Walloon Code of Animal Welfare (2018): Protecting animal sensitivity and ensuring their well-being.
Zoo Decree (2004) FR: Sets general operating rules and general characteristics of zoo facilities.
Dangerous species decree (1997) FR: Specifies dangerous species.

License Conditions

Participation in research.
Participation in conservation and public education.
Animals in conditions respecting animal welfare.
Preventing escapes and pest entry.
Animal records in the park.

Registry Contents

Scientific and common names.
Sex.
Origin + Acquisition/birth date + place of birth.
Animal departures + recipient + address.
Identification.
Reason for potential isolation (vet-related).

Conditions for Accreditation

Park plan
List of animals and collection plan
Copy of environmental permit
Contract with an accredited veterinarian
Contract covering civil liability
List of personnel and job descriptions

CITES (Legal framework for animal trade)

Appendix I = Appendix A in Europe → Critically endangered species (pandas, great apes, rhinos) and traded species must originate from captivity.
Appendix II = Appendix B → species less threatened, but affected by trade, regulated trade possible.
Appendix III = Appendix C → import permits not needed, but customs must be notified.
Appendix D → Species monitored in Europe.

Contact/Immersion Zones

Requesting authorization
Educational purpose
Respecting animal welfare.
Management by qualified personnel.
Time limitations.
Precautions against zoonotic diseases

Animal Escape

Director alerts everyone (civil authorities, staff, park team).
Group 1 caretakers locate animal.
Group 2 caretakers secure visitors/areas.
No more entry to the park for the time of the event

Animal escape (non-dangerous animals)

Director alerts staff and park team.
Group 1 team secures the area.
Group 2 team assists in capture.
No more entry to the park.

Interpretive panels

Scientific name and common name (country language).
Geographical distribution and threats.
Characteristics, age, weight.
IUCN and CITES statuses.
Additional information (injured animals, etc.)

Physical Restraint

When: Daily care, before gas anesthesia, post-natal checks.
Limits: Stress, escape attempts, aggression.
Fragile animals could suffer fractures.
Personnel injuries due to poor handling.
Animal stress risks: Capture myopathy → death, metabolic problems: acidosis, hyperglycemia, temperature regulation problems, cardio-respiratory problems

Chemical Restraint

Principle: Sedation – tranquilization – Anesthesia
Risk considerations → Always!
Dosage
Group reaction
Environmental hazards (falls, drowning, electrocution, injuries, interactions with other animals).
Recovery management.

Psychological Restraint

Training required – SPIDER method.
Time required for training.
Regulations for dangerous species (1997)
Carnivores ≥ 6 kg
Marsupials ≥ 25 kg
Caprines ≥ 50 kg
Reptiles ≥ 3 meters
Turtles jaws ≥ 4 cm
Amphibians → Toxic
Primates, elephants, equids, rhinoceros, camelids, crocodilians, chondrichthyans, scorpions,...

Animal Welfare in Zoological Parks

Definition of Animal Welfare (AW): Includes physical health, emotional state, and behavioral patterns.
Based on the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), an animal in a state of satisfactory welfare is healthy, comfortable, well-nourished, safe, able to express instinctive behavior, and not suffering from pain, fear, or distress.
5 freedoms:
- Freedom from hunger.
- Freedom from discomfort.
- Freedom from injury or disease.
- Freedom from fear and distress.
- Freedom to express normal behavior.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Humans (Apex): Self-actualization needs, esteem needs, belonging and love needs, safety needs, and physiological needs.
Animals: Physiological needs, safety needs, stimulation/mental needs, social needs, health care (veterinary needs).

Indicators of physiological well-being

Acute stress → adrenaline: muscle tension, trembling, piercing gaze/wide pupils, increased heart and respiratory rates.
Chronic stress → cortisol: discomfort, difficulty coping, hyperglycemia.
Stress factors: Physical and environmental factors that negatively affect psychological/emotional state, and the expression of natural behaviors.

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Description

Ce quiz teste vos connaissances sur la création d'un plan de collection pour un parc zoologique. Vous apprendrez les étapes à suivre, les abréviations importantes et les missions des parcs zoologiques. Testez votre savoir sur la conservation et les espèces menacées !