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Questions and Answers
Which type of placenta allows for the least amount of maternal blood exposure to fetal blood?
Which type of placenta allows for the least amount of maternal blood exposure to fetal blood?
- Vasa previa with velamentous cord insertion
- Complete placenta (correct)
- Low lying placenta
- Marginal placenta
In the context of placental abruption, what term describes the type where bleeding is not visible externally?
In the context of placental abruption, what term describes the type where bleeding is not visible externally?
- Increta
- Concealed placental abruption (correct)
- Revealed placental abruption
- Accreta
Which stage follows the fertilized egg during the early development of a human embryo?
Which stage follows the fertilized egg during the early development of a human embryo?
- Cleavage
- 4-cell stage
- 8-cell uncompacted morula (correct)
- Late-stage blastocyst
Which term refers to the placental layer where trophoblast invasion occurs and can lead to defects if dysfunctional?
Which term refers to the placental layer where trophoblast invasion occurs and can lead to defects if dysfunctional?
What is the primary function of the placental barrier between maternal and fetal blood?
What is the primary function of the placental barrier between maternal and fetal blood?
What is the primary function of the Nitabuch layer in placenta formation?
What is the primary function of the Nitabuch layer in placenta formation?
Which part of the placenta is primarily responsible for regulating maternal-fetal exchange?
Which part of the placenta is primarily responsible for regulating maternal-fetal exchange?
What characterizes a circumvallate placenta?
What characterizes a circumvallate placenta?
How does fetal circulation differ from adult circulation?
How does fetal circulation differ from adult circulation?
What is the average normal length of an umbilical cord?
What is the average normal length of an umbilical cord?
What consequence can occur due to a long umbilical cord?
What consequence can occur due to a long umbilical cord?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?
What is the expected outcome of short umbilical cord length?
What is the expected outcome of short umbilical cord length?
Flashcards
Placenta formation
Placenta formation
The process of placenta development, beginning with trophoblast interaction during implantation.
Fetal circulation
Fetal circulation
The unique circulatory system in a fetus, featuring shunts to bypass the lungs and liver.
Umbilical cord
Umbilical cord
Connects the fetus to the placenta, carrying blood vessels.
Ductus venosus
Ductus venosus
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Foramen ovale
Foramen ovale
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Ductus arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus
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Short umbilical cord
Short umbilical cord
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Long umbilical cord
Long umbilical cord
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Placental Abruption
Placental Abruption
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Velamentous Cord Insertion
Velamentous Cord Insertion
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Placental Barrier
Placental Barrier
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Chorion Frondosum
Chorion Frondosum
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Nitabuch Layer
Nitabuch Layer
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Study Notes
Key Terms and Symbols
- $ % & # "
- !
- "
Placenta Formation
- Placenta is formed from trophoblasts upon implantation.
Fetal Blood
- The fetal (chorionic) epithelium is bathed in fetal blood.
Structures of the Placenta
- Decidua parietalis
- Chorionic cavity
- Decidua basalis
- Chorion frondosum
- Decidua capsularis
- Chorion laeve
- Amniotic cavity
- Yolk sac
- Uterine cavity
Amniotic Fluid
- Amniotic fluid originates from maternal circulation (transudation) from amniotic epithelium and is secreted by the placenta.
- The fluid exchanges with the respiratory tract and undergoes ingestion by the fetus and intestinal absorption by the fetus.
Nitabuch Layer
- Zone of fibrinoid degeneration where invading trophoblasts meet the decidua.
Additional Anatomical and Physiological Notes
- The document contains numerous anatomical diagrams, which depict various structures involved in pregnancy and prenatal development.
- Several images show ultrasound images for different pregnancy stages.
- The text describes normal umbilical cord insertion, and velamentous cord insertion.
- Types of abnormal placentations like Accreta, Increta, percreta are mentioned.
Developmental Stages
- Stages of embryo implantation are outlined
- Stages involved in the formation of the placenta are discussed
- Fetus' stages shown in diagrams
- The document has data points showing different gestational weeks.
Other Key Concepts
- Pregnancy complications like diabetes and their effect are discussed
- Issues related to the cord and its length are highlighted
- Amniotic fluid's role, characteristics, and formation are described
- Different types of placentas are discussed.
- Fetal circulation process is illustrated
- Detailed diagrams showing important anatomical structures during pregnancy
- Description of different types of placentas.
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