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Questions and Answers

Apa yang termasuk dalam penyebab utama cedera muskuloskeletal?

Trauma mendadak (correct)

Paparan sinar matahari

Kurangnya tidur

Diet yang buruk

Apa yang digambarkan sebagai contoh dari cedera akibat penggunaan berlebih?

Sprain

Dislokasi

Fraktur

Tendinitis (correct)

Mengapa kondisi degeneratif seperti osteoarthritis dapat terjadi?

Karena tekanan psikologis

Karena penggunaan sendi yang berlebihan

Karena kecelakaan olahraga

Karena penuaan dan keausan alami (correct)

Apa yang bisa menjadi gejala dari kondisi inflamasi muskuloskeletal?

Pembengkakan sendi Signup and view all the answers

Siapa yang paling sering mengalami cedera akibat penggunaan berlebih?

Musisi Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang termasuk dalam tujuan untuk mengenali cedera muskuloskeletal?

Mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang tidak termasuk ke dalam klasifikasi cedera muskuloskeletal?

Kanker Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dapat menyebabkan cedera muskuloskeletal akibat peradangan?

Penyakit autoimun Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang mungkin terjadi akibat cedera muskuloskeletal?

Rasa sakit dan keterbatasan gerak Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang bukan merupakan contoh cedera muskuloskeletal?

Infeksi virus Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang terjadi pada ligamen saat terjadi dislokasi?

Ligamen robek dan ujung tulang tidak lagi bersentuhan Signup and view all the answers

Apa grade dari sprain yang menunjukkan robekan lengkap pada ligamen?

Grade 3 Signup and view all the answers

Gejala apa yang terkait dengan sprain grade 2?

Pembengkakan signifikan dan nyeri saat bergerak Signup and view all the answers

Apa metoda yang tepat untuk mengobati sprain?

R.I.C.E. method yang mencakup Istirahat, Es, Kompresi, dan Elevasi Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan fraktur?

Setiap patahan dalam kontinuitas tulang Signup and view all the answers

Kapan sebaiknya menggunakan imobilisasi atau splint untuk sprain?

Pada sprain grade 2 dan grade 3 Signup and view all the answers

Apa mekanisme yang menyebabkan cedera sprain?

Trauma tumpul dan trauma tidak langsung Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang seharusnya dilakukan pertama kali dalam metode R.I.C.E setelah cedera terjadi?

Istirahat dari aktivitas dan menghindari penggunaan bagian tubuh yang terluka Signup and view all the answers

Apa gejala yang menunjukkan sprain grade 3?

Pembengkakan signifikan dan kesulitan berjalan Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan strain?

Peregangan atau robeknya tendon atau otot Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Musculoskeletal Trauma Overview

Musculoskeletal injuries affect muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other components of the musculoskeletal system.
A WHO report suggests nearly 1.71 billion individuals globally suffer from musculoskeletal conditions.
Musculoskeletal injuries are categorized into trauma, overuse, inflammation/infection, and degenerative conditions.

Causes of Musculoskeletal Injuries

Trauma: Injuries from sudden impacts or accidents, including fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains, often occur during sports, falls, or car accidents.
Overuse: Injuries develop gradually from repetitive motions or prolonged stress on a body part. Examples include tendinitis, bursitis, and stress fractures. Common in athletes, musicians, and those in physically demanding jobs.
Inflammation and Infection: Inflammation of the musculoskeletal system can arise from autoimmune disorders (like rheumatoid arthritis) or infections (like septic arthritis). Symptoms include joint swelling, pain, and limited movement.
Degenerative Conditions: Conditions like osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease result from the natural wear and tear on the musculoskeletal system. They cause joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Objectives of Musculoskeletal Injury Management

Recognizing and managing dislocations
Recognizing and managing Soft Tissue Injuries
Recognizing and managing Fractures

Types of Musculoskeletal Injuries

Dislocation: A joint injury where ligaments are torn and the bone ends are no longer in contact. Commonly involves stretching or tearing ligaments.
Sprains: Stretching or tearing of ligaments surrounding a joint (Wrist, Knee, Ankle). Often caused by sports-related injuries, slips, trips, or falls.
Strains: Stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons. Often from overexertion in sports activities. Signs include swelling, ecchymosis (bruising), pain on movement, and limited range of motion (ROM).
Fractures: A break in the bone or cartilage. Fractures can be complete or incomplete and categorized by whether the skin is broken (open/compound).

Dislocations - Management

Common locations: Lower limb (ankle, knee, hip); Upper limb (shoulder, elbow, fingers).
Assessment: Conduct primary and full secondary assessments. Evaluate pain, pulses, motor/sensory function, and thoroughly check the injury area.
Management: Provide pain relief. Immobilize injuries in a comfortable position. For shoulder dislocations, use supportive slings. If a threatened limb, try repositioning it to obtain a pulse distal to the injury and splint in that position.

Sprains - Management

Degrees: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe). These describe the severity of ligament damage.
Signs and symptoms: Swelling, ecchymosis (bruising), pain during movement, and inability to bear weight can indicate different degrees of sprains
Treatment: R.I.C.E. method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) can help manage symptoms

Strains - Management

Causes: Stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons, often from sports or overexertion.
Signs and symptoms: Swelling, ecchymosis/bruising, pain on movement, decreased ROM, and inability to bear weight.
Treatment: R.I.C.E. method.

Fractures - Management

Types: Open (compound), closed (simple), complicated, comminuted, greenstick, spiral, oblique, transverse, stress/compression, epiphyseal.
Assessment: Important findings to note: Pain, tenderness, loss of power, swelling, deformity, irregular movement, unusual movement, crepitus, and hemorrhage.
Management: Splinting is important for fracture treatment, to prevent further injuries or blood loss, reduce pain, and facilitate transport. An effective splint must firmly support the injured limb, immobilize joints above and below the fracture site.

Important Assessment Points

5 P's: Pain, Pallor, Paresthesia, Pulses, Paralysis
Use a mnemonic like "Poor Tired Susie Died Under Chloroform Help" to remember the symptoms.

Treatments

R.I.C.E: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen) can help with pain and inflammation.
Immobilization: Splints, casts, or braces can be used to immobilize injured areas to allow for healing
Surgery: Depending on the severity, surgery may be necessary.

Soft Tissue Injuries - Management

Management of soft tissue injuries includes ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), pain relief, and application of the RICE method.
Distinguishing between a sprain and a strain may be difficult at the site.
Transport of the injured person for further treatment may be necessary.