Pituitary Gland Chapter 18

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Questions and Answers

Where is the pituitary gland located?

  • In the thoracic cavity
  • In the brain stem
  • In the abdominal cavity
  • In a pocket of the sphenoid bone at the base of the brain (correct)

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

  • To produce hormones for digestion
  • To produce hormones for growth and development
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To act as a coordinating center for control of many downstream endocrine glands (correct)

Which hormone produced by the anterior pituitary acts on the breast?

  • Prolactin (correct)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is the function of the tropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary?

<p>To stimulate the secretion of hormonally active substances by other endocrine glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels supply the anterior pituitary?

<p>Portal hypophysial vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure immediately below the hypothalamus that the portal hypophysial vessels pass through?

<p>Median eminence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxytocin in the posterior pituitary?

<p>Helping with contractions of the uterus and milk ejection during breastfeeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vasopressin in the posterior pituitary?

<p>Regulating water levels in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule that regulates skin pigmentation in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary?

<p>Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells in the anterior pituitary secrete growth hormone?

<p>Somatotropes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells in the anterior pituitary secrete prolactin?

<p>Lactotropes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of secretory cells have been identified in the anterior pituitary?

<p>Five (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome contains the growth hormone-hCS cluster?

<p>Chromosome 17 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)?

<p>Regulation of growth and development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between hGH-N and hGH-V?

<p>Variant form of growth hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the complex mixture of growth hormone peptides in the circulation?

<p>It makes it difficult to assay for each species separately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the various peptides derived from hGH-N?

<p>They have similar functions but can exert opposing actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

<p>It has α and β subunits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before birth, what stimulates the secretion of IGF-I?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest concentration of IGF-I typically reached?

<p>At the time of puberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organs is IGF-II expressed in adults?

<p>Choroid plexus and meninges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when IGF-II is overexpressed in human fetuses?

<p>Several organs develop out of proportion to the rest of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of IGF-II during fetal development?

<p>Growth regulation before birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the circulating pool of growth hormone activity is in the bound form?

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate half-life of circulating growth hormone in humans?

<p>6-20 min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated daily growth hormone output in adult humans?

<p>0.2-1.0 mg/d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of hGH-V and hCS in the circulation?

<p>Placenta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the plasma protein that binds to growth hormone?

<p>It provides a reservoir of growth hormone to compensate for fluctuations in secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the growth hormone receptor?

<p>A 620-amino-acid protein with a large extracellular portion, a transmembrane domain, and a large cytoplasmic portion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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