20 Questions
Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, GH, and β-endorphin
Which subunit is common to TSH, LH, FSH, and hCG?
α subunit
What are the derivatives of proopiomelanocortin?
β-endorphin, ACTH, and MSH
Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH and oxytocin
Where are vasopressin and oxytocin made?
Hypothalamus
Which part of the pituitary gland is derived from oral ectoderm?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which part of the adrenal gland is derived from mesoderm?
Adrenal cortex
Which hormone regulates mineralocorticoids production?
Angiotensin II
Which cells are responsible for producing glucocorticoids?
Zona fasiculata cells
What are the cell types found in the endocrine pancreas?
α, β, and δ endocrine cells
Which hormone is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidney?
ADH
Which hormone stimulates lactogenesis?
Prolactin
Which hormone inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?
Somatostatin
Which hormone causes uterine contractions during labor?
Oxytocin
Which hormone is suppressed by hyperprolactinemia?
FSH and LH (also GnRH)
Which hormone is responsible for melanogenesis by melanocytes?
MSH
Which hormone is involved in the modulation of fear, anxiety, social bonding, mood, and depression?
Oxytocin
Which hormone is responsible for delayed postpartum ovulation (natural contraception) during breastfeeding?
Prolactin
Which hormone can cause galactorrhea (abnormal milk production) when elevated?
Prolactin
Which hormone is responsible for the secretion of ACTH and β-endorphin?
CRH
Study Notes
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
- The anterior pituitary gland secretes multiple hormones, including TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
- All of these hormones share a common subunit.
Proopiomelanocortin Derivatives
- Proopiomelanocortin is the precursor protein for several hormones, including ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), β-endorphin, and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH).
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- The posterior pituitary gland secretes vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin.
- These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary gland.
Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Development
- The anterior pituitary gland develops from oral ectoderm.
- The adrenal gland develops from mesoderm.
Hormone Production Regulation
- Aldosterone production is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Corticotropes in the anterior pituitary gland produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which regulates glucocorticoid production in the adrenal cortex.
Pancreatic Hormones
- The endocrine pancreas contains α, β, δ, and PP cells, responsible for producing glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, respectively.
Hormone Functions
- Vasopressin (ADH) regulates water reabsorption in the kidney.
- Prolactin stimulates lactogenesis.
- Somatostatin inhibits growth hormone (GH) secretion.
- Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor.
- Prolactin is suppressed by hyperprolactinemia.
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) regulates melanogenesis.
- Oxytocin is involved in modulation of fear, anxiety, social bonding, mood, and depression.
- Prolactin is responsible for delayed postpartum ovulation (natural contraception) during breastfeeding.
- Elevated prolactin levels can cause galactorrhea (abnormal milk production).
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates the secretion of ACTH and β-endorphin.
Test your knowledge on the pituitary gland and its anterior pituitary hormones in this quiz. Learn about FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, GH, β-endorphin, and MSH. Explore the origins and functions of these hormones, and discover the role of α and β subunits. Go pro with this pituitary gland quiz!
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