Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Maroon' refer to?
What does the term 'Maroon' refer to?
Escaped slave
What does 'Corsairs' mean?
What does 'Corsairs' mean?
French word for pirates
What does it mean to 'smuggle'?
What does it mean to 'smuggle'?
Illegal trade by Spanish colonists
List the ways Europeans tried to steal Spanish wealth.
List the ways Europeans tried to steal Spanish wealth.
Who was the King of France in 1560?
Who was the King of France in 1560?
What describes Christian countries that were not Catholic?
What describes Christian countries that were not Catholic?
Who were 'Privateers'?
Who were 'Privateers'?
Who was the ruler of England in 1560?
Who was the ruler of England in 1560?
Who was the ruler of Spain in 1560?
Who was the ruler of Spain in 1560?
Who was the first Englishman to deal in the African slave trade?
Who was the first Englishman to deal in the African slave trade?
Define 'fortress.'
Define 'fortress.'
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
What is an 'armada'?
What is an 'armada'?
Name the French seaport where booty from Spanish America was landed.
Name the French seaport where booty from Spanish America was landed.
Name the English seaport where booty from Spanish America was landed.
Name the English seaport where booty from Spanish America was landed.
How did the Spanish feel about pirates?
How did the Spanish feel about pirates?
List reasons for becoming pirates and privateers.
List reasons for becoming pirates and privateers.
When did attacks on Spanish vessels begin?
When did attacks on Spanish vessels begin?
Why were Spanish colonists willing to trade illegally with foreign privateers?
Why were Spanish colonists willing to trade illegally with foreign privateers?
What excuse did Spanish colonists use to trade with privateers?
What excuse did Spanish colonists use to trade with privateers?
Who was John Hawkins?
Who was John Hawkins?
What did Hawkins pay for slaves with in Africa?
What did Hawkins pay for slaves with in Africa?
What did Hawkins trade slaves for in the colonies?
What did Hawkins trade slaves for in the colonies?
What was Hawkins in search of?
What was Hawkins in search of?
Name some Protestant kingdoms.
Name some Protestant kingdoms.
Did the queen initially support Hawkins?
Did the queen initially support Hawkins?
What was Hawkins' relationship with Spanish colonists?
What was Hawkins' relationship with Spanish colonists?
What happened in the West Indies in the second half of the 16th century?
What happened in the West Indies in the second half of the 16th century?
Which French group settled Florida and in what year?
Which French group settled Florida and in what year?
What was the job of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés?
What was the job of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés?
What was San Juan de Ulua?
What was San Juan de Ulua?
When did John Hawkins' third voyage begin?
When did John Hawkins' third voyage begin?
What was the flagship of John Hawkins' third voyage?
What was the flagship of John Hawkins' third voyage?
How many ships and men did Hawkins go on his third voyage with?
How many ships and men did Hawkins go on his third voyage with?
What were the worst hurricane months of the Caribbean?
What were the worst hurricane months of the Caribbean?
What forced Hawkins to seek shelter at San Juan de Ulua?
What forced Hawkins to seek shelter at San Juan de Ulua?
What happened to Hawkins at San Juan de Ulua?
What happened to Hawkins at San Juan de Ulua?
Who was Francis Drake?
Who was Francis Drake?
What is the difference between Drake and Hawkins?
What is the difference between Drake and Hawkins?
Study Notes
Vocabulary and Key Terms
- Maroon: Escaped slaves who formed independent communities.
- Corsairs: French term synonymous with pirates.
- Smuggle: Engaging in illegal trade by Spanish colonists.
- Privateers: Individuals who plundered Spanish treasure ships under a European nation's authority.
European Threats to Spanish Wealth
- Methods of stealing Spanish wealth included piracy, illegal trade, and unauthorized settlements.
- Spanish perception of pirates was negative, viewing them as worthless thieves.
Historical Figures and Leadership
- Francis I was King of France in 1560.
- Elizabeth I was the ruler of England during the same period.
- Philip II reigned as the King of Spain in 1560.
- John Hawkins was the first Englishman involved in the African slave trade.
Trade Dynamics and Piracy
- Spanish colonists traded illegally with foreign privateers due to smuggled goods being cheaper and more abundant.
- Excuses for engaging with privateers included claims that these traders forced access into harbors.
John Hawkins and the Triangular Trade
- Initiated the Triangular Trade, exchanging African slaves for English merchandise and later trading the slaves for precious commodities in the colonies.
- Hawkins sought monetary gain and maintained positive relations with Spanish colonists, despite initial lack of support from Queen Elizabeth.
Conflicts in the Caribbean
- By the late 16th century, Spain was embroiled in conflicts with the Dutch, English, and French.
- The French Huguenots settled in Florida in 1536, marking significant Protestant settlement in America.
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
- Notable for conquering the French in Florida and reinforcing Spanish fortifications across the Caribbean, including Cuba and Hispaniola.
- Built numerous important forts, influencing Spanish defense strategy in the region.
John Hawkins' Third Voyage
- Launched in 1567 with a fleet of six ships and 400 men, using the Jesus of Lubeck as his flagship.
- Encountered severe weather leading him to seek refuge in San Juan de Ulua, where he faced attacks from the King of Spain's ship.
Francis Drake
- Cousin to Hawkins, he gained notoriety for escaping the attack at San Juan de Ulua and differed from Hawkins in that he was driven to acquire wealth by any means.
Key Events and Outcomes
- Hawkins' third voyage ended in disaster after a surprise attack at San Juan de Ulua, resulting in significant losses for him and his men.
- The worst hurricane months in the Caribbean are noted as August and September, influencing naval activities.
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Description
Explore the intricate dynamics of piracy, trade, and colonial relationships in 16th century Spain. This quiz covers key vocabulary, historical figures, and the impact of privateers on Spanish wealth. Test your knowledge of the social and economic forces shaping this turbulent era.
