Pipe & Excavation General Info Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the same as a 100% slope?

  • 45 degree angle (correct)
  • 75 degree angle
  • 60 degree angle
  • 30 degree angle
  • Which statement about wellpoint dewatering systems is True except

  • They are most effective in coarse-grained soils
  • They require less equipment compared to other methods
  • Wellpoint dewatering systems are the most effective in fine grain-soils (correct)
  • Wellpoint systems reduce groundwater levels
  • What term describes a downhill slope?

  • Zero grade
  • Positive grade
  • Negative grade (correct)
  • Flat grade
  • What advantage does a nuclear compaction test have over other methods?

    <p>It does not require the removal of soil samples (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with saturated silt or clay soil if compaction is an issue?

    <p>Haul it away and replace with dry soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is considered the easiest to rip?

    <p>Sedimentary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a contour line represent?

    <p>Points of equal elevation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is best suited for excavating shallow trenches with cross lines?

    <p>Wheeled / Rubber tire backhoe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock material is likely to significantly decrease dozer production rates?

    <p>Fine-grained igneous rock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do coarse sand and gravel respond to compaction methods that involve water and vibration?

    <p>They compact well. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended slope angle for average soils?

    <p>45 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a topographical map, what do contour lines that form a closed loop signify?

    <p>Summit or Depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pipe is commonly used for distributing gas behind concealed walls?

    <p>Black pipe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum spacing between posts for silt fences?

    <p>6 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pipe is primarily used for transporting drinking water?

    <p>Copper pipe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adjusted production rate in bank cubic yards when the optimum hourly production rate is 700 loose cubic yards with a 35% swell factor?

    <p>519 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of slope is indicated by contour lines that are spaced further apart at the peak than at the bottom?

    <p>Concave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the maximum height above the pipe when positioning a trench box for safety?

    <p>5 feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thrust block surface area required for an 8 inch pipe carrying 100 psi with a 45 degree fitting and the elbow resting on sand?

    <p>4.1 Sqft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average cycle time for a wheeled backhoe (14-foot hoe) digging an 8-foot trench in hardpan?

    <p>18 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials will most likely slow down dozer production rates?

    <p>Fine-grained igneous rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dozing technique can help reduce the amount of load lost during transport?

    <p>Slot dozing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of repose for compacted sharp sand?

    <p>33° (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of soil is indicated for hauling away and replacing when it becomes saturated and compaction is problematic?

    <p>Clay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do contour lines that are closer together on a topographical map indicate?

    <p>Increase in slope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coarse-grained soils like gravel are known to withstand what condition effectively?

    <p>Saturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pipe is typically used at the top of a water heater?

    <p>Type M copper pipe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason a tracked backhoe is considered the best equipment for digging in soft soil?

    <p>It distributes weight evenly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum angle of repose for average soils?

    <p>1:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does adequate boosting have on scrapers while spreading soil?

    <p>Allows soil to be spread evenly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum post depth recommended for silt fences?

    <p>12 inches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Wheeled/Rubber tire backhoe

    A type of excavator used for digging shallow trenches with cross lines.

    Fine-grained igneous rock

    A material that significantly slows down dozer productivity due to its resistance to being moved.

    Course sand and gravel

    A type of soil that is easily compacted using water and vibration.

    Angle of repose

    The maximum angle at which a material can be piled without collapsing.

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    Slope Recommendation for Average Soils

    The recommended slope for average soils to ensure stability.

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    Contour lines

    Circular lines on a topographical map that indicate an elevation change.

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    Type M copper pipe

    The type of copper pipe typically used for connecting to the top of a water heater.

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    Black pipe

    The type of pipe commonly used for distributing gas behind hidden walls.

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    What is a 100% slope equal to?

    A 100% slope is equivalent to a 45-degree angle.

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    What dewatering method is NOT ideal for fine-grained soils?

    Wellpoint dewatering systems are not as effective in fine-grained soils compared to other methods like electro-osmosis or vacuum dewatering.

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    What is a downhill slope called?

    A downhill slope is characterized by a negative grade, meaning the elevation decreases as you move along the slope.

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    What does boosting allow scrapers to do?

    Adequate boosting allows scrapers to spread the soil remaining in front of the bowl as it is lifted.

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    Why is the nuclear compaction test advantageous?

    Nuclear compaction tests are advantageous because they don't require removing soil samples from the site, allowing for on-site testing.

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    What type of soil resists saturation?

    Coarse-grained soils, like gravel, tend to withstand saturation better due to larger particle sizes and better drainage.

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    What should you do with saturated silt or clay soil?

    When dealing with saturated, poorly compacted silt or clay, the best course of action is to haul it away and replace it with drier soil for better compaction.

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    What type of rock is easiest to rip?

    Sedimentary rocks are the easiest to rip because they are typically less dense and have weaker bonds.

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    What is a 100% slope?

    A 100% slope indicates an angle of 45 degrees. Imagine a right triangle with equal sides. The slope represents the ratio of the vertical rise to the horizontal run, and in this case, they are equal, resulting in a 45-degree angle.

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    Which type of dewatering system is NOT ideal for fine-grained soils?

    Wellpoint dewatering systems are not ideal for fine-grained soils like clay or silt. These soils have tiny particles, making it harder for water to drain through them. Other methods are needed for effective dewatering.

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    What is the benefit of a nuclear compaction test?

    Nuclear compaction tests are advantageous because they don't require removing soil samples from the site, allowing for on-site testing. It's fast and convenient for determining soil compaction directly.

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    Which type of soil resists saturation?

    Coarse-grained soils, like gravel, are better able to withstand saturation due to their larger particle sizes and better drainage. This allows water to flow through easily, preventing excessive saturation.

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    What should you do with saturated clay or silt soil?

    When dealing with saturated, poorly compacted silt or clay, the best course of action is to haul it away and replace it with drier soil for better compaction. This ensures a stable base and allows for proper compaction during construction.

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    Which type of rock is easiest to rip?

    Sedimentary rocks are the easiest to rip because they are typically less dense and have weaker bonds between their layers. This makes them more susceptible to breaking apart under the force of ripping equipment.

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    Study Notes

    Pipe & Excavation - General Information

    • A 100% slope is equivalent to a 45-degree angle.
    • Wellpoint dewatering systems are not the most effective method in fine-grain soils. Other methods are better suited for such soils.
    • A downhill slope is a negative grade.
    • Adequate boosting of scrapers allows them to spread soil effectively in front of a bowl.
    • An advantage of nuclear compaction tests compared to other methods is that they don't require removing samples from the test site.
    • Coarse-grained soils (like gravel) tend to withstand greater stress or compaction.

    Pipe & Excavation - Saturation & Soil Issues

    • If a job site has saturated silt or clay soil that impacts compaction, use dry replacement soil.
    • Sedimentary rock is the easiest type to rip.

    Pipe & Excavation - Equipment & Techniques

    • Slot dozing is a technique that minimizes load loss during transit.
    • The average cycle time for a 14-foot wheeled backhoe digging an 8-foot trench in hardpan is 18 seconds.
    • Tracked backhoes are the best for trenching in soft soil.
    • When positioning a trench box, it should be centered over the pipe, and no more than 5 feet above it for safety.
    • Wheeled/rubber tire backhoes are used for shallow trenches with cross lines.
    • Materials that significantly reduce dozer production rates are not specified

    Pipe & Excavation - Soil Types & Compaction

    • Course sand and gravel compact well with water and vibration.
    • The surface area of a 8-inch pipe with a 45-degree fitting's thrust block bearing against sand in 100 psi conditions is 4.1 sqft.
    • The maximum angle of repose for average soils is 1:1.
    • The recommended slope for average soils is 45 degrees.
    • Contour lines on a topographical map that form closed loops represent a summit or depression.

    Pipe & Excavation - Slopes & Pipe Types

    • Contour lines that are closer together on a map indicate an increase in slope.
    • Concave slopes have contour lines closer to the peak than to the bottom.
    • Type M copper pipe is commonly used to connect to a water heater.
    • Black pipe is often used for gas distribution behind concealed walls.
    • Maximum spacing between posts for silt fences: 6 feet, minimum post depth: 12 inches.
    • Angle of repose for compacted sharp sand is not specified

    Pipe & Excavation - Materials & Tests

    • Copper pipe is the most commonly used for drinking water.
    • Soil pipe is not primarily used for liquids, but rather for solids.
    • Percolation tests are commonly required for septic tank drainfields.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential concepts of pipe and excavation, including soil types, compaction methods, and equipment techniques. This quiz covers various aspects from slope angles to effective dewatering systems. Perfect for those involved in construction and civil engineering.

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