18 Questions
How should overt speech be judged in terms of intent certainty?
As certain in intent with negligible variance
What is the basis for effective conversation, according to the text?
The cooperative principle
In Pinker's Theory of Indirect Speech, how should indirect speech be perceived compared to direct innuendo?
As admitting of high uncertainty
How should conversations thrive, based on the information provided?
Through establishing a cooperative principle
What level of confidence should the last link in a chain of gossip have in the speaker's intent?
High confidence
How are pragmatic rules in conversation different from mere utterances matching phonological, syntactic, and semantic criteria?
They follow the Gricean Maxims of Cooperative Conversation
What do women aim to achieve through their conversational strategies?
Minimize differences
What is a key difference in men's conversational goals compared to women's?
Men seek to assert independence
What do men prefer to do in conversations to indicate higher status?
Inform
How do women handle differences of opinion in conversations?
By avoiding any appearance of superiority
What is a key aspect of the male partner's behavior in close relationships according to the text?
Informing the partner of plans
How do women affirm the importance of a relationship according to the text?
By committing to the relationship
What is the basic assumption of Pinker's Theory of Indirect Speech?
Communication is always a mixture of cooperation and conflict
According to Pinker's Theory, what is the purpose of using indirect speech for plausible deniability?
To allow an uncooperative listener to reject the request without adversarial reaction
Why might someone choose to use indirect language for relationship negotiation?
To avoid offending due to ambiguous relationship nature
In Pinker's Theory, what role does language play in indirect communication?
Language can transmit messages with high fidelity even indirectly
How does a mismatch in assumed relationship types influence the need for plausible deniability?
It can create a necessity for plausible deniability in indirect speech
What makes an indirect request qualitatively different from a direct one according to Pinker's Theory?
The ability to create common knowledge through language
Explore the three-part theory of indirect speech according to Pinker, emphasizing communication as a blend of cooperation and conflict. Learn how indirect speech serves purposes like plausible deniability and relationship negotiation.
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