Pigmentation Workbook
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Questions and Answers

UVR stands for ______ radiation

ultra violet

EFAD stands for essential fatty acid ______

deficiency

Chloasma/Melasma is stimulated by ______ in conjunction with sun exposure

oestrogen

Many medications are known ______-sensitizers

<p>photo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many fragrances/perfumes have fixatives that react to ______

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post inflammatory hyper-pigmentation (PIH) is often seen on darker skin types ______

<p>[Fitz 4, 5, 6]</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intense Pulsed Light uses light to absorb ______

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The darker the skin, the longer the pulse width and lower the ______

<p>fluence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melanocytes are specialized cells located at the base of the ______.

<p>epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melanin acts as a ______ to protect the skin from sunlight.

<p>sunscreen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors such as hormones and inflammation can stimulate melanocytes to produce ______.

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rate-limiting enzyme for melanin synthesis is called ______.

<p>tyrosinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pathway of melanin formation can produce either ______ or eumelanin.

<p>pheomelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melanosomes are unique vesicles that contain ______ produced by melanocytes.

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melanocytes produce the ______ pigment that combats UV damage to the skin.

<p>melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deposition of melanin at the skin’s surface provides some sunscreen protection from the damaging effects of UV rays, although in a Caucasian, the amount of SPF that melanin provides is likely no more than an ______ of 4.

<p>SPF</p> Signup and view all the answers

When people with a lower melanin count in their skin are exposed to UV rays, abnormal melanin pigment production can occur and result in the formation of ______ spots or sun spots.

<p>age</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloasma and Melasma are used to describe hormonal ______ often appearing during pregnancy, with ovarian or thyroid dysfunction and when taking the contraceptive pill or other medication.

<p>pigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most appropriate treatment for freckles is ______ (Intense Pulsed Light) which has a wow effect after treatment as the freckles darken and gradually disappear.

<p>IPL</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loss of pigment can be permanent and is caused by UV exposure or skin ______.

<p>trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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