Pig Breeds in Nepal

Farmer's Hand Book on Pig Production

Breeds

• Native pig breeds are small in size and found throughout the country
• Jangali Bandel/Wild Boar are found in the wild and can receive seed Rs 10,000 per piglet if used for commercial production with permission from the National Park and Wild Life Conservation Department of Nepal
• Jangali Bandel/Wild Boar reach 90–95 cm in height, 200-250 kg in weight and are brown-black with thick body hair
• Jangali Bandel/Wild Boar includes a heard of 6-30 heads with 3 generations, conceive during October–December, and farrow during February–April
• Jangali Bandel/Wild Boar has a 115 day gestation period, with a litter size of 4-6
• Pygmi Bandel are found in North India, Bhutan, and Nepal and are the smallest adult males, averaging 65 cm long and 25 cm tall
• Female Pygmi Bandels are slightly smaller and males average 8.5 kg in weight
• The coats of the Pygmi Bandels have blackish-brown bristles over gray-brown skin
• Pygmi Bandel reproduces seasonally, with birth coinciding with the monsoon in late April and May, gestation of approximately 100 days and litters of 2 to 6
• Pygmi Bandel reach sexual maturity at 13-33 months and can live 10-12 years in the wild
• Pygmi Bandels are listed as endangered and typically live in small families of 5-20
• Hurra are found in the Terai region of Nepal
• Hurra are kept under scavenging systems and have brown bristles around the neck
• Hurra reach maturity at 226 days, and have an average litter size of 5.72
• Hurra have a weaning size of 5.14 and a birth weight of 700 grams
• Matured Hurra males average 45 kg and females average 49 kg live weight, showing resistance to disease and parasites
• Chwanche is found across the mid-hills of Nepal, kept under semi-intensive systems, and typically black
• At 219 days Chwanche reaches adultery, has a 114 day gestation, and farrowing intervals of 222 days
• Average litter size is 7.33 for Chwanche, a weaning size of 6.0, and birth weight of 800 grams
• Matured Chwanche males average 24 kg and females average 32 kg live weight, showing resistance to diseases and parasites
• Banmpudke is domesticated from Jangali Bandel, red to brown-black, and the smallest domestic breed of pig
• Banmpudke reaches adultery at 187 days or has a 114 day gestation period, and a farrow interval of 138 days
• An average Banmpudke litter size is 4.7 and 3.4 weaning size and have a birth weight of 650 grams
• Matured Banmpudke are 20 kg avg for males and 19 kg avg for females and show resistance to diseases and parasites
• Pakhribas Black Pig was developed at Pakhribas Agriculture Centre Dhankuta, Nepal and is Black in color
• Pakhribas Black Pighas a average litter size of 9.4 with a 1.0 kg birth weight
• Matured Pakhribas Black Pig average is 170 and 160 kilograms for males and females respectively, shows resistance to diseases superior to other local breeds
• Dharane Kalo Banggur is a black pig found in eastern terai and hills of Nepal, and has a long body and dropping years
• Highly prolific in number, Dharane Kalo Banggur averages 8-10 in litter size, with high weaning rate, has resistance to diseases and parasites and can be reared semi-intensively
• Common pig breeds for commercial pig production are Yorkshire, Landrace, Hampshire, Duroc, Tibetan, Tamworth and Meishan breeds and their crosses
• Commercial pig breeds products lean meat and have efficient feed conversion of 3 kg of good feed needed to produce 1 kg of pork
• Commercial breeds are less resistant to disease, lower quality feeds and can suffer from hot weather
• Pure exotic breeds do not perform well in rural pig production systems in Nepal
• Yorkshire are white, have long bodies, erect ears, and live weight for mature males of 300-450 kg and 250-350 kg for females
• Yorkshire are highly proliic with a litter size of 12, over 70% weaning, 7 pairs of teats and are used to upgrade local breeds
• Landrace are white, with dropping ears, have long bodies, are good mothers and are from Danish origin
• For Landrace having the highest number of pigs per litter, 310–400 kg average live matured weight for males, and 250-330 kg for females
• Landrace makes good Bacon along with High proliicacy and average litter size of 11
• Hampshire are black, have a white belt, are muscular, with a live weight of maturemales, 300 kg and 250 kg for females
• Hampshire are good at Bacon production, high proliicacy, and have a litter size of 9 with a high weaning rate
• Duroc are red, muscular, partially drooping ears and wanted as siries
• They grow fastest out of all the breeds, average live weight of maturedmale-300 kg and 250 kg
• With a high proliicacy, Duroc have a litter size of 9 with high weaning rate
• Tibetan breeds pig is highly adapted to high hills, cold climate, and all year pasture.
• Light body weight characterizes the Tibetan breed which weighs roughly about 35 kg. matured
• Black hair coats with long/ dense bristles and highly developed digestive organs which has 36x body length.
• The body can deposit fat and has visceral fat of about 15% of body weight, muscles with marble appearance and special meat flavor
• Low proliicacy, litter size of 5, 69% percent weaning and 5 pairs of teats.
• The Tamworth are ginger, golden red to dark, have long heads, prick ears, straight faces and a long narrow body
• Mature Tamworth boars may weigh 245–265 kg and sows can reach 200–300 kg, having smaller littters than commercial breeds
• China bred the Meishan pig, characterized by short legs, big stomach, deep back and ugly looking face
• Meishan are high in prolificacy, average litter size of 14-17, with an average 900g birth weight, weaning of 11-12, including around 8-9 pairs of teats
• China bred pig has a daily weight gain of 300–400 gm , FCR is 5:1, average adult male weight of about 450 kg, female weight of 350 kg, found in eastern Nepal
• Breed improvement is important in obtaining improved and high yielding animals
• Purpose of improvement is intoducing a positive characteristic to a local breed or crossbreed an indigenous sow with an exoticboar

Breeding

• Pure breeding involves purebreed individuals of one breed leading same progeny with similar genetic makeup
• The objective of purebreeding is identifying propagation superior genes for commercial production during programs or identify propagation to maintaining material
• Out breeding consists of one breed that are less related then average breed and where ancestors not there when least four gen back mated or pedigree, and useful in purebreds
• In breeding is mating individuals of one bread where closely relating average, where pure is unique due to can cause homozygous which cause phenotypical
• Inbreeding can causes litter or mortality to decrease. The gilts can become sexually delayed.
• Cross breeding means progeny has a unique gene where is different breeds
• The purpose of crossbreeding is that it take advantage in the vigor and heterosis from parental genetics .
• Farmers villages to get a new pig breeding in un related herds.

Selection Of Breeding & Heating

• Selection of breeding gilt need good boar since it contributes at the quality
• Areas to consider during breeding gilt:
  • the Gilt must have had 12 teats to a litter
  • the Gilt can be irst farrowing goodmothers -select breathing gilt at the weaving months for the growth weight
  • Select fast growing and select gilts that have been developed hams,
• The gilt cannot be selected in breeds for super teats
• Gilt must be at 8 months for a first service
• Selected breeding boar must be important in area, Boar must sound feet and back
• Boars needs as pass on this. the Boar must be selexcter sows ,from herd have healthy strong organs, at 4weeks with 8months
• Heat detection is about the heat signs which during early,the ,vulva is swollen and mucus with 40-60 hours

Recommended heating.

• papayavagina 3-5 days,urine 3 days, and lotus seed 5-7 days.
• Bring sow, boar together all the time and take sow boar
• Don't service on hot day of hour the 24 hour before to extra per day
• Regular heats sow get early ,take dries,put to boar for all contracts to avoid fighting

Gestation,Assitance, and Concerns

• Don't sow of serving test 23 -35 days.
• Cull gets infertile
• assist can be make hands and clean
• Conception be hard reduce her feed animal with no sleep
• Sows must receive care from test due to 7 with breeding behavior .

Care & Feeding

• umbilical cord being pulled,navel is dipped ,make sure the pigs can , protect pigs
• If mom has make sure they. Feed extra give colostrum. Sub is complete,frozen trim .
• It's always import feeding at 16. give heat lamp to
• Feeding must regular.
• For for pigs ,good has to make
• Creep has 20% feed
• Food waste can add toxin.

Pig Anatomy

• Good needs body to fat.
• Pig needs energy good vitamins

Traditional feeds

• Meet animals need, rice, maize, vegb,
• Distiller is good in fat for it but don't give pregnant and lactating. Rice with bran is for fee and is 115
• Mix in the with 45% it but will mold faster
• Broke with other is 15 protein and has maize, soy.beans and soya 38 but rice etc and what and up for 25%

###Housing

• Needs to feed,water and what should feed has swine fruits from market
• Has restaurants,food. There must no animal
• There not be have waste
• There some building tips. The 3 is 3 meters
• They should be with 60 centimeters and made of wood,proof and and west facing

Space Requirements

• The area what fat pig can have it 0.5-1 sqm space,. Lact must be 4- 6 sqm
• There are need is to prevent escape strong walls

Disease & Parasitic

• Sick the has fever,diarea,ears that pointing downward and skin,hair problems
• Parasites is the location of parasitic inside worm gut
• Most worms have Ascariss

Roundworm

• The live of take food and make thin which can cause lost of
• condition
• Control the hygiene, medicine and take young from old

Tapeworm

• Have the causes in pork meat ,poor growth and swollen to do to the
• gut make sure the hygiene

External

• They may cause mange with and are itch
• Treat with wash before the medicine, they are
• Lice cause the and blood for that treat

Lice

• Treat as cleaning

  • use medicine after having lice
  • they can cause Myiasis the disease of having

• Eggs that have inside worm

• Treat as clean

  • medicine
  • And worm every single months and after sows with every 6 momths

• Reproduction disorder is what does sow. What cause symptoms that.is no and if this happened add medicine

Disorder

• The infection in the time and to have blood with a is for a virus to disintfect with has .
• The mouth foot is the of of animal
• To is of and testless is more from. With more medicine they