Pierre Robin Syndrome Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which condition involves the radiographic examination of the salivary glands by injecting a small amount of contrast medium into the salivary duct, followed by routine x-ray projection?

  • Mucus retention cyst
  • Juvenile recurrent parotitis
  • Sialogram (correct)
  • Orchitis

    • Which disorder is characterized by the inflammation of the testicles?

  • Orchitis (correct)
  • Mumps Sialadenitis
  • Aberrancy
  • Ranula pseudocysts

    • What is the term for containing or discharging pus?

  • Obstructive
  • Ranula pseudocysts
  • Purulent sialagogues (correct)
  • Oophoritis

    • Which drug promotes the secretion of saliva?

    <p>Nidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

    <p>Ventilation of middle ear cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible sign of neoplasms?

    <p>Unilateral nasal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an epithelialized oroantral communication between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity?

    <p>Oroantral fistula (OAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of oroantral fistula?

    <p>Unilateral nasal blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of oroantral fistula?

    <p>Extraction of a maxillary teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for septal hematoma?

    <p>Drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of septal deviation?

    <p>Synechiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis for Choanal atresia?

    <p>Catheter test and C.T.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Atrophic rhinitis?

    <p>Loss of sensation of air flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungal sinusitis is associated with atopic patients?

    <p>Non-invasive fungal sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for large Oroantral fistulae?

    <p>Surgical treatment with local tissue flap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Chronic Rhinosinusitis?

    <p>Persistent bacterial infection for &gt;3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Hypertrophic rhinitis?

    <p>Hypertrophied inferior turbinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammatory condition that affects immunocompromised patients?

    <p>Invasive fungal sinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammatory condition that may be associated with allergic sinonasal polypi?

    <p>Allergic Rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hole in the alveolar process?

    <p>Oroantral fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nasal cavity lined with?

    <p>Respiratory epithelium (ciliated columnar epithelium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the bony projections that rise from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Turbinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal septum?

    <p>To separate the nasal cavity into two halves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest site for epistaxis?

    <p>Little's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the olfactory cleft?

    <p>Upper part of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the area that forms the widened entrance of the nose?

    <p>Vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nasal bones?

    <p>To provide structural support to the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the posterior opening of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Choanae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a Migraine?

    <p>Unilateral throbbing pain with aura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS)?

    <p>To remove mucoceles and contact points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trigger for Tension Headaches?

    <p>Stress, depression, and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Cluster Headaches?

    <p>Severe unilateral temporal headache with rhinorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using MRI in the diagnosis of nasal glioma or meningo-encephalocele?

    <p>To exclude potential communication to the cranial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment for Temporal Arteritis?

    <p>Oral corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of facial pain and headache?

    <p>Primary Neurological headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of Secondary Facial Pain and Headache?

    <p>Dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of sensory innervation to the structures surrounding the brain?

    <p>Trigeminal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Midfacial Segment Pain?

    <p>Mild-to-moderate pain that is typically bilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of sinus headache according to the International Headache Society?

    <p>Frontal headache accompanied by pain in the face, ears, or teeth, simultaneously with the onset or acute exacerbation of rhinosinusitis, resolving within 7 days of successful treatment of rhinosinusitis, and showing evidence of rhinosinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment for TMJ Syndrome?

    <p>Surgical management and medical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of pain in sinus mucoceles?

    <p>Inflammation in the sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for facial pain and headache?

    <p>Pain-sensitive nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve react to headache triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides most somatosensory innervation to the head and face region?

    <p>A combination of Trigeminal Nerve, Cranial Nerve 7, 9, and 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of facial pain and headache that is caused by sinusitis?

    <p>Sinogenic Facial Pain and Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes in bullet point format:

    Salivary Gland Disorders

    • Salivary gland disorders can cause choking, compromising, and crater-like symptoms
    • Drooling, gritty ligation, and macerated meaning can be related to salivary gland disorders
    • Severe difficulty breathing due to constricted or obstructed throat can be a symptom
    • Weaken and cause to function less effectively due to salivary gland disorders

    Nasal Function

    • The nose acts as a resonator for phonation
    • The sinuses act as pressure dampers and reduce the weight of the skull
    • Drainage of lacrimal fluid occurs through the nasolacrimal duct, which opens in the inferior meatus

    Nasal Obstruction

    • Partial or complete, stationary or recurrent nasal obstruction can occur
    • Unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction can be a sign of neoplasms
    • Causes of nasal obstruction include congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions

    Congenital Nasal Obstruction

    • Unilateral choanal atresia may pass unnoticed, while bilateral choanal atresia is an emergency in newborns
    • Meningoencephalocele is a dangerous condition that can be diagnosed with a catheter test and CT scan
    • Treatment for choanal atresia is nasal endoscopic surgical repair

    Traumatic Nasal Obstruction

    • Septal deviation can be traumatic or developmental and is treated with septoplasty
    • Septal hematoma can lead to septal abscess and permanent septal deformity
    • Synchiae are intranasal adhesions that follow surgical procedures and require resection
    • Foreign bodies can be removed while securing the airway to avoid inhalation

    Oroantral Fistula (OAF)

    • OAF is an epithelialized communication between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity
    • Causes of OAF include extraction of a maxillary tooth, maxillary fracture, destructive tumors, surgical incisions, and osteomyelitis
    • Symptoms of OAF include unilateral nasal blockage, recurrent maxillary sinusitis, nasal regurgitation, hypernasal speech, and foul odor
    • Investigations for OAF include endoscopic nasal examination, panoramic dental X-ray, and CT scan
    • Treatment for OAF includes surgical repair using local tissue flaps, synthetics, allografts, or xenografts

    Inflammatory Conditions

    • Allergic rhinitis may be associated with allergic sinonasal polypi
    • Acute rhinosinusitis can be viral or bacterial and may require antibiotic therapy
    • Chronic rhinosinusitis can be non-specific or specific (e.g., nasal granulomas)
    • Hypertrophic rhinitis is due to hypertrophied inferior turbinates
    • Atrophic rhinitis is characterized by a loss of sensation of air flow, not real obstruction
    • Miscellaneous inflammatory conditions include adenoids in the nasopharynx, vasomotor rhinitis, and rhinitis medicamentosa

    Fungal Sinusitis

    • Chronic rhinosinusitis can be non-specific or specific (e.g., nasal granulomas)
    • Fungal sinusitis can be non-invasive (e.g., in atopic patients) or invasive (e.g., in immunocompromised patients)

    Nasal Anatomy

    • The nasal anatomy includes the external nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
    • The skeleton of the external nose consists of 2 nasal bones and 2 upper and 2 lower lateral cartilages and the septum
    • The nasal bones articulate laterally with the frontal process of the maxilla and superiorly with the frontal bone

    Nasal Cavity

    • The nasal cavity extends from the external nares to the posterior nasal openings (choanae) and then continuous with the nasopharynx
    • The nasal cavity is divided into a vestibule, medial wall (nasal septum), lateral wall, and olfactory region/cleft
    • The nasal cavity is lined with respiratory epithelium (ciliated columnar epithelium) responsible for the mucociliary clearance

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Pierre Robin syndrome with this quiz. Learn about the key characteristics, pathogenesis, and consequences of this condition, including cleft palate, mandibular micrognathia, and glossoptosis.

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