Piaget's Cognitive Development Stages

Piaget's Cognitive Development

Stages of Cognitive Development

1. Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)
   • Infants learn through senses and motor activities
   • Object permanence: understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight
   • Development of reflexes and habits
2. Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
   • Children use symbols and language to represent the world
   • Egocentric thinking: difficulty taking other people's perspectives
   • Centration: focusing on one aspect of a situation and neglecting others
3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
   • Children can think logically and solve problems using concrete objects
   • Reversibility: understanding that actions can be reversed
   • Conservation: understanding that quantities remain the same despite changes in appearance
4. Formal Operational Stage (11-15 years and beyond)
   • Adolescents and adults can think abstractly and reason logically
   • Hypothetical thinking: ability to consider possibilities and outcomes
   • Ability to consider multiple perspectives and abstract concepts

Assimilation and Accommodation

• Assimilation: the process of fitting new information into existing schemas
• Accommodation: the process of changing existing schemas to fit new information
  • Both processes are necessary for cognitive development and adaptation

Schema

• Schema: a mental framework or concept that helps organize and make sense of the world
• Schema development: the process of creating and refining schemas through experience and learning
• Schema revision: the process of updating or changing schemas based on new information or experiences

Piaget's Cognitive Development

Stages of Cognitive Development

• Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Infants learn through senses and motor activities, develop object permanence, and reflexes.
• Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): Children use symbols and language, but exhibit egocentric thinking, centration, and lack of conservation.
• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Children think logically, solve problems using concrete objects, understand reversibility, and conservation.
• Formal Operational Stage (11-15 years and beyond): Adolescents and adults think abstractly, reason logically, and consider possibilities, outcomes, and multiple perspectives.

Assimilation and Accommodation

• Assimilation: fitting new information into existing schemas.
• Accommodation: changing existing schemas to fit new information, necessary for cognitive development and adaptation.

Schema

• Schema: a mental framework or concept that helps organize and make sense of the world.
• Schema development: creating and refining schemas through experience and learning.
• Schema revision: updating or changing schemas based on new information or experiences.