Piaget - Cognitive Development During Infancy
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Questions and Answers

What term describes cognitive structures that help individuals organize and understand their experiences?

  • Scripts
  • Concepts
  • Schemas (correct)
  • Frames

    • Which type of scheme is characterized by physical activities during infancy?

  • Social schemes
  • Behavioral schemes (correct)
  • Cognitive schemes
  • Mental schemes

    • Which process involves altering existing schemas to fit new information?

  • Assimilation
  • Equilibration
  • Organization
  • Accommodation (correct)

    • What happens during the process of assimilation?

    <p>New information is integrated into existing schemas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cognitive striving to find equilibrium between an individual and their environment called?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do schemas play in an individual's understanding of their environment?

    <p>They organize knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the transition from infancy to childhood in terms of cognitive development?

    <p>Development of mental schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen for accommodation to occur according to Piaget's theory?

    <p>New information must adjust existing schemas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of equilibration in cognitive development?

    <p>To achieve a balance between learning and behavior modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of cognitive development do infants coordinate sensory experiences with physical actions?

    <p>Sensorimotor Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT one of the four factors that contingent cognitive development in children according to Piaget?

    <p>Extracurricular activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the first substage of the Sensorimotor Stage?

    <p>Understanding the environment through inborn reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Piaget describe cognition as children progress through different stages?

    <p>It becomes qualitatively different from one stage to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assimilation in the context of cognitive development?

    <p>Integrating new experiences into existing frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

    <p>Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Sensorimotor Stage in a child's development?

    <p>It is crucial for establishing basic reflexes and sensory-motor coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily developed during the Sensorimotor Stage?

    <p>Object permanence and sensory exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes accommodation in cognitive development?

    <p>It involves creating new schemas to include new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which describes the process of assimilation in cognitive development?

    <p>Integrating new experiences into existing cognitive frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?

    <p>Accommodation includes changing schemes to fit new information; assimilation does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generalization about Piaget's cognitive development can be drawn?

    <p>Development progresses through continuous processes of generalizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is object permanence?

    <p>The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the Preoperational Stage occur according to Piaget?

    <p>2-7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of causal relationships refer to in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Recognizing one event can influence or cause another event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes substage 2 of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

    <p>Voluntary movements replacing reflexive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which substage do infants start to repeat actions intentionally to trigger responses?

    <p>Substage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental milestone signifies that infants appreciate physical causality?

    <p>Means-end action sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of substage 5 in Piaget's framework?

    <p>Exploration of object permanence through active experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which substage do infants begin to invent new means through mental combinations?

    <p>Substage 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of object permanence entail?

    <p>Recognition that objects continue to exist even when unseen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Piaget compare infants in their learning process?

    <p>Similar to scientists investigating their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secondary circular reactions?

    <p>Sophisticated mental representation of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the A-not-B error indicate about an infant's understanding of object permanence?

    <p>Infants lack the understanding that objects continue to exist when hidden.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is cited as being less likely to commit the A-not-B error?

    <p>Older infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did MacNeill et al. (2018) use to study object permanence in infants?

    <p>Infants reaching for an object in darkness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental phase does Piaget refer to when discussing an infant's understanding of cause and effect?

    <p>Sensorimotor period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does causality relate to communication in infants?

    <p>An understanding of causality is essential for making requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a criticism of Piaget’s theory regarding infant competence?

    <p>Infants, especially young infants, are more competent than Piaget thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following do researchers believe challenges Piaget's view on object permanence?

    <p>Infants can comprehend object permanence at an earlier age than suggested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive skill do infants develop towards the end of the sensorimotor period?

    <p>Understanding of causal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Piaget - Cognitive Development During Infancy

    • Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years), Preoperational Stage (2-7 years), Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years), Formal Operational Stage (adolescence through adulthood)
    • Development is a continuous process of generalizations and differentiations.
    • Each stage builds on the previous one, creating a hierarchy of experiences
    • Schemes: Cognitive structures that help individuals organize and understand experiences. They include both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining it.
    • Behavioral schemes (physical activities) characterize infancy, Mental schemes (cognitive activities) develop in childhood
    • Organization: We organize experiences by separating important ideas and connecting them to make sense of the world.
    • Adaptation: Cognitive striving to find equilibrium between the individual and their environment.
      • Assimilation: Incorporating new information into existing schemas.
      • Accommodation: Adjusting existing schemas to fit new information.
    • Equilibration: Balancing assimilation and accommodation.
    • Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Infants construct understanding through coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions. Moves from reflexive action to symbolic action.
    • Substages of Sensorimotor Stage:
      • Simple reflexes (0-1 month): Understanding through inborn reflexes (sucking, looking).
      • First habits and Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months): Reflexes evolve into voluntary movements.
      • Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months): Intentionally repeating actions to trigger specific reactions in the environment
      • Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8-12 months): Using previous achievements to advance behavior; the emergence of means-end action sequences.
      • Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months): Experimentation and discovery of new means; advanced understanding of object permanence.
      • Internalization of schemes (18-24 months): Invention of new means through mental combination; shift from sensorimotor to symbolic plane.
    • Object Permanence: The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Develops by the end of the sensorimotor period. Studied by observing infants' reactions to disappearing objects. It requires forming a mental representation (schema) of the object.
    • Causality: Infants comprehend cause and effect towards the end of the sensorimotor period.
    • A-not-B Error: An infants' tendency to search for a hidden object in a familiar location (A) rather than a new location (B).

    Criticisms of Piaget's Theory

    • Criticized for not being specific enough about how infants learn.
    • Infants are more competent than Piaget initially thought, particularly young infants
    • Recent research suggests infant capabilities may develop earlier than Piaget suggested.

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    Lecture 3: Jean Piaget - Cognitive Development During Infancy PDF

    Description

    Explore the stages of cognitive development as outlined by Jean Piaget, focusing on the sensorimotor and preoperational stages. Learn how schemes, organization, and adaptation play vital roles in shaping a child's understanding of the world. This quiz will help you understand the intricacies of cognitive growth during infancy and early childhood.

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