Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes cognitive structures that help individuals organize and understand their experiences?
What term describes cognitive structures that help individuals organize and understand their experiences?
- Scripts
- Concepts
- Schemas (correct)
- Frames
Which type of scheme is characterized by physical activities during infancy?
Which type of scheme is characterized by physical activities during infancy?
- Social schemes
- Behavioral schemes (correct)
- Cognitive schemes
- Mental schemes
Which process involves altering existing schemas to fit new information?
Which process involves altering existing schemas to fit new information?
- Assimilation
- Equilibration
- Organization
- Accommodation (correct)
What happens during the process of assimilation?
What happens during the process of assimilation?
What is the cognitive striving to find equilibrium between an individual and their environment called?
What is the cognitive striving to find equilibrium between an individual and their environment called?
What role do schemas play in an individual's understanding of their environment?
What role do schemas play in an individual's understanding of their environment?
What characterizes the transition from infancy to childhood in terms of cognitive development?
What characterizes the transition from infancy to childhood in terms of cognitive development?
What must happen for accommodation to occur according to Piaget's theory?
What must happen for accommodation to occur according to Piaget's theory?
What is the main goal of equilibration in cognitive development?
What is the main goal of equilibration in cognitive development?
During which stage of cognitive development do infants coordinate sensory experiences with physical actions?
During which stage of cognitive development do infants coordinate sensory experiences with physical actions?
Which factor is NOT one of the four factors that contingent cognitive development in children according to Piaget?
Which factor is NOT one of the four factors that contingent cognitive development in children according to Piaget?
What characterizes the first substage of the Sensorimotor Stage?
What characterizes the first substage of the Sensorimotor Stage?
How does Piaget describe cognition as children progress through different stages?
How does Piaget describe cognition as children progress through different stages?
What is assimilation in the context of cognitive development?
What is assimilation in the context of cognitive development?
What is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
What is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
What is the significance of the Sensorimotor Stage in a child's development?
What is the significance of the Sensorimotor Stage in a child's development?
What is primarily developed during the Sensorimotor Stage?
What is primarily developed during the Sensorimotor Stage?
Which statement best describes accommodation in cognitive development?
Which statement best describes accommodation in cognitive development?
Which describes the process of assimilation in cognitive development?
Which describes the process of assimilation in cognitive development?
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
Which generalization about Piaget's cognitive development can be drawn?
Which generalization about Piaget's cognitive development can be drawn?
What is object permanence?
What is object permanence?
At what age does the Preoperational Stage occur according to Piaget?
At what age does the Preoperational Stage occur according to Piaget?
What does the concept of causal relationships refer to in Piaget's theory?
What does the concept of causal relationships refer to in Piaget's theory?
What characterizes substage 2 of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?
What characterizes substage 2 of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?
During which substage do infants start to repeat actions intentionally to trigger responses?
During which substage do infants start to repeat actions intentionally to trigger responses?
Which developmental milestone signifies that infants appreciate physical causality?
Which developmental milestone signifies that infants appreciate physical causality?
What is the primary focus of substage 5 in Piaget's framework?
What is the primary focus of substage 5 in Piaget's framework?
In which substage do infants begin to invent new means through mental combinations?
In which substage do infants begin to invent new means through mental combinations?
What does the concept of object permanence entail?
What does the concept of object permanence entail?
How does Piaget compare infants in their learning process?
How does Piaget compare infants in their learning process?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secondary circular reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secondary circular reactions?
What does the A-not-B error indicate about an infant's understanding of object permanence?
What does the A-not-B error indicate about an infant's understanding of object permanence?
Which age group is cited as being less likely to commit the A-not-B error?
Which age group is cited as being less likely to commit the A-not-B error?
What method did MacNeill et al. (2018) use to study object permanence in infants?
What method did MacNeill et al. (2018) use to study object permanence in infants?
What developmental phase does Piaget refer to when discussing an infant's understanding of cause and effect?
What developmental phase does Piaget refer to when discussing an infant's understanding of cause and effect?
How does causality relate to communication in infants?
How does causality relate to communication in infants?
Which of the following best describes a criticism of Piaget’s theory regarding infant competence?
Which of the following best describes a criticism of Piaget’s theory regarding infant competence?
Which of the following do researchers believe challenges Piaget's view on object permanence?
Which of the following do researchers believe challenges Piaget's view on object permanence?
What cognitive skill do infants develop towards the end of the sensorimotor period?
What cognitive skill do infants develop towards the end of the sensorimotor period?
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Study Notes
Piaget - Cognitive Development During Infancy
- Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years), Preoperational Stage (2-7 years), Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years), Formal Operational Stage (adolescence through adulthood)
- Development is a continuous process of generalizations and differentiations.
- Each stage builds on the previous one, creating a hierarchy of experiences
- Schemes: Cognitive structures that help individuals organize and understand experiences. They include both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining it.
- Behavioral schemes (physical activities) characterize infancy, Mental schemes (cognitive activities) develop in childhood
- Organization: We organize experiences by separating important ideas and connecting them to make sense of the world.
- Adaptation: Cognitive striving to find equilibrium between the individual and their environment.
- Assimilation: Incorporating new information into existing schemas.
- Accommodation: Adjusting existing schemas to fit new information.
- Equilibration: Balancing assimilation and accommodation.
- Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Infants construct understanding through coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions. Moves from reflexive action to symbolic action.
- Substages of Sensorimotor Stage:
- Simple reflexes (0-1 month): Understanding through inborn reflexes (sucking, looking).
- First habits and Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months): Reflexes evolve into voluntary movements.
- Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months): Intentionally repeating actions to trigger specific reactions in the environment
- Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8-12 months): Using previous achievements to advance behavior; the emergence of means-end action sequences.
- Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months): Experimentation and discovery of new means; advanced understanding of object permanence.
- Internalization of schemes (18-24 months): Invention of new means through mental combination; shift from sensorimotor to symbolic plane.
- Object Permanence: The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Develops by the end of the sensorimotor period. Studied by observing infants' reactions to disappearing objects. It requires forming a mental representation (schema) of the object.
- Causality: Infants comprehend cause and effect towards the end of the sensorimotor period.
- A-not-B Error: An infants' tendency to search for a hidden object in a familiar location (A) rather than a new location (B).
Criticisms of Piaget's Theory
- Criticized for not being specific enough about how infants learn.
- Infants are more competent than Piaget initially thought, particularly young infants
- Recent research suggests infant capabilities may develop earlier than Piaget suggested.
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