Piaget and Erikson Stages of Development

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage?

  • Symbolic thinking and pretend play
  • Abstract reasoning and deductive thinking
  • Egocentrism and magical thinking
  • Understanding of conservation and classification (correct)

At which stage does an infant develop a sense of trust?

  • Trust vs. Mistrust (correct)
  • Initiative vs. Guilt
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Identity vs. Role Confusion

Which cognitive ability primarily develops during the Preoperational Stage?

  • Abstract reasoning
  • Logical thinking
  • Inductive reasoning
  • Symbolic thinking (correct)

What is a potential outcome of the Industry vs. Inferiority stage according to Erikson?

<p>Feelings of inferiority from failure or criticism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's theory, which development is primarily concerned with the conflict between freedom and doubt?

<p>Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant cognitive change occurs during the Formal Operational Stage?

<p>Ability to perform abstract thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Preoperational Stage?

<p>Logical reasoning about physical objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage focuses on developing a personal identity amidst potential role confusion?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key cognitive ability is developed during the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's theory?

<p>Object permanence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age group does Erikson's stage of Initiative vs. Guilt primarily occur?

<p>Pre-school (3-6 years) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major characteristic of the Concrete Operational Stage in Piaget's cognitive development?

<p>Logical reasoning about tangible objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which psychosocial stage is an infant's sense of trust primarily developed according to Erikson?

<p>Trust vs. Mistrust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is characterized by the development of abstract thinking in Piaget's theory?

<p>Adolescence (12-21 years) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome for a child who fails in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage according to Erikson?

<p>Feelings of inferiority and lack of competence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key development occurs during the transition from the sensorimotor to preoperational stage in Piaget's cognitive development?

<p>Understanding of cause and effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic primarily distinguishes the Formal Operational Stage from earlier stages in Piaget's theory?

<p>Capacity for deductive reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's psychosocial development stages, what conflict is faced by toddlers?

<p>Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the cognitive characteristic of children during the Preoperational Stage?

<p>Focus on symbolic representation and egocentric reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark cognitive ability that is developed in the Concrete Operational Stage?

<p>Logical classification of objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, what is the primary developmental task?

<p>Establishing a sense of control over bodily functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage requires a balance between individual initiative and the potential for guilt according to Erikson?

<p>Initiative vs. Guilt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of cognitive development do children typically exhibit egocentric thinking?

<p>Preoperational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the transition from the Sensorimotor to the Preoperational Stage?

<p>Children begin to engage in symbolic play. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the psychosocial conflict faced by adolescents in Erikson's theory?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cognitive development stage do children begin to understand the concepts of conservation and reversibility?

<p>Concrete Operational (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome might arise from failure in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

<p>Feeling inferior compared to peers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is indicative of the Sensorimotor Stage in Piaget's cognitive development?

<p>Object permanence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive ability is predominantly developed during the Formal Operational Stage?

<p>Abstract and hypothetical reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive characteristic is most evident during the Preoperational Stage of development?

<p>Symbolic thinking and egocentrism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental conflict is associated with the toddler stage in Erikson's theory?

<p>Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of cognitive development during the Formal Operational Stage?

<p>Inductive and deductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, at what stage do children begin to understand the concept of conservation?

<p>Concrete Operational Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial conflict is critical for adolescents according to Erikson?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Concrete Operational Stage in Piaget's cognitive development model?

<p>Conservation, reversibility, and classification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect is needed for a successful transition from the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

<p>A balance of support and boundaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental outcome of failing during the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?

<p>Difficulty in forming relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is characterized by magical thinking and a belief that actions can cause events?

<p>Preoperational Stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive ability is primarily developed in the transition from Sensorimotor to Preoperational Stage?

<p>Understanding of time concepts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sensorimotor Stage

Infancy (birth-1 year) - Learning about the world through senses and movements; develops object permanence.

Object Permanence

The understanding that things continue to exist even when out of sight.

Preoperational Stage

Preschool (3-6) - Symbolic thinking, pretend play, egocentrism; difficulty understanding others' perspectives.

Egocentrism

Difficulty understanding viewpoints of others.

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Concrete Operational Stage

School Age (6-12): Logical thinking about concrete objects; understands conservation, reversibility.

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Conservation

Understanding that properties of objects remain the same despite changes in appearance.

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Formal Operational Stage

Adolescence (12-21): Abstract thinking, reasoning about hypothetical situations.

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

Infancy: Developing trust depends on consistent care and meeting needs.

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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

Toddler (1-3): Exploring independence, successful if boundaries provided

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Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

Preschool (3-6): Taking initiative and exploring activities and resolving conflicts.

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Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

School age (6-12) : Developing a sense of competence; experiencing success or failure.

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Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

Adolescence (12-21): Developing a sense of self; trying out different roles.

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Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)

Infancy (0-2 years): Learning about the world through senses and actions. Develops object permanence.

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Object Permanence

Understanding that objects exist even when out of sight.

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Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

Preschool (2-7 years): Symbolic thinking (pretend play), but struggles with logic and others' perspectives.

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Egocentrism

Difficulty seeing things from another person's point of view.

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Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)

School age (7-11 years): Logical thinking about concrete objects, understanding conservation and reversibility.

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Conservation

Understanding that amount stays the same despite changes in appearance (e.g., pouring water).

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Formal Operational Stage (Piaget)

Adolescence (11+ years): Abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and deductive reasoning.

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

Infancy: Developing trust depends on consistent care and meeting needs.

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Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Erikson)

Toddlerhood: Seeking independence and developing self-control.

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Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

Preschool: Taking initiative, exploring activities, and resolving conflicts.

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Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

School age: Developing a sense of competence and pride in accomplishments.

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Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

Adolescence: Developing a sense of self and purpose.

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Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)

Infancy (birth - 1 year): Learning about the world through senses and motor actions; develops object permanence.

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Object Permanence

Understanding that objects exist even when out of sight.

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Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

Preschool (3-6 years): Symbolic thinking (pretend play), egocentrism, difficulty with others' perspectives, and animism.

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Egocentrism

Difficulty understanding viewpoints of others.

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Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)

School Age (6-12 years): Logical thinking about concrete objects; understanding conservation, reversibility, and classification.

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Conservation

Understanding that the amount of something remains the same even if its appearance changes.

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Formal Operational Stage (Piaget)

Adolescence (12-21): Abstract thinking, inductive and deductive reasoning, increased decision-making ability.

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

Infancy (birth - 1 year): Developing a sense of trust from consistent care and meeting needs.

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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

Toddler (1-3 years): Increased ability to control their body and environment; needs limit setting.

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Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

Preschool (3-6 years): Satisfaction in accomplishments and learning independence.

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Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

School age (6-12 years): Developing a sense of competence based on successes; discouraged by failure or criticism.

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Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

Adolescence (12-21 years): Developing a sense of self and purpose.

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Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)

Birth to 1 year: Learning about the world through senses and motor actions; develops object permanence.

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Object Permanence (Piaget)

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

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Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

Ages 2-7: Symbolic thinking (pretend play), egocentrism, and difficulty understanding others' perspectives.

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Egocentrism (Piaget)

Difficulty understanding that others have different perspectives.

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Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)

Ages 7-11: Logical thinking about concrete objects, understanding conservation, reversibility, and classification.

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Conservation (Piaget)

Understanding that the amount of something remains the same despite changes in appearance.

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Formal Operational Stage (Piaget)

Ages 12+: Abstract thinking, deductive and inductive reasoning, and increased decision-making ability.

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

Infancy: Developing a sense of trust from consistent care and meeting needs.

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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

Toddlerhood: Seeking independence and developing self-control.

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Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

Preschool: Taking initiative, exploring activities, and resolving conflicts.

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Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

School age: Developing a sense of competence and pride in accomplishments.

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Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

Adolescence: Developing a sense of self and purpose.

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Study Notes

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  • Sensorimotor (Birth - 2 years): Infants learn about the world through senses and motor actions. Object permanence develops.

  • Preoperational (2 - 7 years): Symbolic thinking emerges, including pretend play. Egocentrism and animism are characteristics. Difficulty understanding perspectives of others

  • Concrete Operational (7 - 11 years): Logical reasoning about concrete events and objects develops. Conservation and reversibility are understood.

  • Formal Operational (11+ years): Abstract and hypothetical thinking emerges. Inductive and deductive reasoning improve.

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

  • Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): Infants develop trust when their needs are consistently met.
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler): Toddlers develop independence and self-control.
  • Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool): Preschoolers develop a sense of purpose and initiative.
  • Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age): School-age children develop competence and a sense of self-worth through success.
  • Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Adolescents develop a sense of self and personal identity.

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