Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of an adult's total body weight is accounted for by their blood?

  • 15%
  • 10%
  • 5%
  • 7% (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the digestive system in relation to the circulatory system?

  • To provide oxygen
  • To remove wastes
  • To provide nutrients (correct)
  • To pump blood

    • What is the characteristic of the human cardiovascular system?

  • Closed (correct)
  • Semi-open
  • Open
  • Semi-closed

    • Where does oxygenated blood enter the systemic circulation?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve?

    <p>To allow oxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the walls of the aorta?

    <p>Elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average velocity of blood in the aorta?

    <p>30 cm/sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the viscosity of blood when it gets colder?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the low velocity of blood in the capillary?

    <p>To allow for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the velocity of blood flow and the cross-sectional area of the blood vessel?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula that describes the flow rate of a fluid through a narrow tube?

    <p>Flow rate = πR⁴Δp / 8Lη</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of velocity mentioned in the text?

    <p>cm/sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that contributes to blood pressure in the circulatory system?

    <p>Work done by the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of blood pressure change as it flows from the aorta to smaller blood vessels?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of knowing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

    <p>To save one's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the viscosity of blood (η)?

    <p>Pa·s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction does blood return to the heart?

    <p>Through the veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for systolic blood pressure?

    <p>Below 120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage 1 high blood pressure range for systolic pressure?

    <p>130-139</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diastolic pressure range for a hypertensive crisis?

    <p>120 or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of uncontrolled high blood pressure?

    <p>Kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the weakening of the wall of the aorta, leading to widening or ballooning?

    <p>Aortic aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is congestive heart failure specifically referred to?

    <p>The stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many heart chambers are there in the human heart?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a heart attack?

    <p>Loss of blood supply to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four silent signs of a heart attack?

    <p>Chest pain, pressure, fullness, or discomfort, discomfort in other areas, difficulty breathing, and dizziness, and nausea and cold sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of varicose veins?

    <p>They are enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages of heart failure are there?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average heart beats about 70 times per minute.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each beat of a human heart is about 2 joules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The power generated by the heart is independent of the flow rate of blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Echocardiography is a painful test that uses X-rays to create moving pictures of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The power produced by the heart is approximately 2 watts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy corresponding to the systolic pressure of 120 torr is 100 × 10³ erg/cm³.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total energy of the blood flowing through the aorta is 1.63 × 10⁴ erg/cm³.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kinetic energy of the blood flowing through the aorta is 1.33 × 10³ erg/cm³.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The power produced by the heart is given by the formula P = Q × E.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart pumps approximately 6 liters of blood per minute at rest.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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