Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

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What percentage of an adult's total body weight is accounted for by their blood?

15%

10%

5%

7% (correct)

What is the primary function of the digestive system in relation to the circulatory system?

To provide oxygen

To remove wastes

To provide nutrients (correct)

To pump blood

What is the characteristic of the human cardiovascular system?

Closed (correct)

Semi-open

Open

Semi-closed

Where does oxygenated blood enter the systemic circulation?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the aortic semilunar valve?

To allow oxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the walls of the aorta?

Elastic Signup and view all the answers

What is the average velocity of blood in the aorta?

30 cm/sec Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the viscosity of blood when it gets colder?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the low velocity of blood in the capillary?

To allow for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the velocity of blood flow and the cross-sectional area of the blood vessel?

Inversely proportional Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula that describes the flow rate of a fluid through a narrow tube?

Flow rate = πR⁴Δp / 8Lη Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of velocity mentioned in the text?

cm/sec Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that contributes to blood pressure in the circulatory system?

Work done by the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of blood pressure change as it flows from the aorta to smaller blood vessels?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of knowing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

To save one's life Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the viscosity of blood (η)?

Pa·s Signup and view all the answers

In what direction does blood return to the heart?

Through the veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels?

Blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for systolic blood pressure?

Below 120 Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage 1 high blood pressure range for systolic pressure?

130-139 Signup and view all the answers

What is the diastolic pressure range for a hypertensive crisis?

120 or more Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of uncontrolled high blood pressure?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the weakening of the wall of the aorta, leading to widening or ballooning?

Aortic aneurysm Signup and view all the answers

What is congestive heart failure specifically referred to?

The stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently Signup and view all the answers

How many heart chambers are there in the human heart?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a heart attack?

Loss of blood supply to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What are the four silent signs of a heart attack?

Chest pain, pressure, fullness, or discomfort, discomfort in other areas, difficulty breathing, and dizziness, and nausea and cold sweats Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of varicose veins?

They are enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins Signup and view all the answers