Questions and Answers
What is the process of formation, development, and maturation of the blood's formed elements called?
Hematopoiesis
Which type of cells are responsible for forming all the cells and cell derivatives that circulate in the blood?
Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells
What do HSC differentiate into after GM-CSF + IL-3 stimulation?
BFU-E (burst forming unit-erythroid)
What do CFU-E (erythrocyte colony forming unit) express a large number of receptors for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic does not belong to stem cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What represents 7-8% of body weight?
Signup and view all the answers
'The pluripotential hematopoietic precursor cell (HSC) gives rise to all hematopoietic cells.' What is HSC an abbreviation for?
Signup and view all the answers
'The stem cells found in the bone marrow in adults are responsible for forming all the cells and cell derivatives that circulate in the blood.' What do stem cells have the capacity for?
Signup and view all the answers
'It represents 7-8% of body weight.' What does this refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
'They belong to a tissue. Specific markers. Specific function.' What does this refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the protein produced in the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels, which stimulates the production and survival of RBC progenitors?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is iron absorbed for the production of hemoglobin in RBC?
Signup and view all the answers
What is responsible for the regulation of iron metabolism by binding to ferroportin and preventing iron absorption and release?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is required for DNA synthesis and plays a role in RBC production?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the destruction of RBC primarily occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main consequence of intravascular hemolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
How is anemia defined?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of anemia is commonly caused by iron deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is measured by reticulocyte levels to classify pathophysiological anemias?
Signup and view all the answers
Where can extravascular hemolysis occur?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
- Erythropoiesis is the process of producing red blood cells (RBC) from proerythroblasts to reticulocytes.
- Erythropoietin (EPO) is a protein produced in the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels, which stimulates the production and survival of RBC progenitors.
- Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin in RBC. It is absorbed in the duodenum, transported by transferrin, and stored in ferritin or hemosiderin.
- Erythrocytes have a half-life of 120 days, and are destroyed primarily in the spleen and liver.
- Iron metabolism is regulated by hepcidin, which binds to ferroportin and prevents iron absorption and release.
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid are required for DNA synthesis and play a role in RBC production.
- Hemolysis, the destruction of RBC, can occur extravascularly in the spleen or intravascularly, leading to the release of bilirubin and potential jaundice.
- Intravascular hemolysis can lead to toxicity and damage to the kidney, with potential for hemoglobinuria and hemoglobin appearing in the urine.
- Anemia is defined as a decrease in hemoglobin concentration in the blood, with signs and symptoms dependent on the severity and cause, including asthenia, hypotension, and dizziness.
- Morphological anemias can be classified by mean corpuscular volume, with microcytic anemia most commonly caused by iron deficiency, normocytic anemia found in anemia of chronic diseases, and macrocytic anemia associated with B12 or folic acid deficiency.
- Pathophysiological anemias can be classified based on the bone marrow's ability to produce RBC, measured by reticulocyte levels.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
