36 Questions
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To maintain fluid balance and transport excess interstitial fluid
What is the primary function of agglutination in the humoral-mediated response?
To facilitate phagocytosis and clear the invading organism
Which organ is responsible for T cell development and maturation?
Thymus
What is the result of acquired immunity?
Vaccinations and maternal antibodies
What is the purpose of opsonization in the humoral-mediated response?
To facilitate phagocytosis and clear the invading organism
What is the primary function of the spleen?
To filter blood
What is included in the history component of the immune system assessment?
Age, current medications, family history, social history, and nutritional status
What is the purpose of radiological imaging in the diagnostic studies of the immune system?
To identify sites of infection
Which part of the immune system is responsible for trapping inhaled bacteria and viruses?
Tonsils
What is the second line of defense in the immune system?
Non-specific immune cells
What is a common age-related change in the immune system?
Decline in immune function
What is the purpose of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in the diagnostic studies of the immune system?
To evaluate bone marrow function
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune system?
To regulate immune responses
What type of immune response involves the activation of T cells to directly destroy foreign or abnormal cells?
Cellular mediated response
What is the primary function of the innate immune response?
To provide immediate nonspecific defense
What is the role of the complement system in the immune response?
To provide cell-killing for innate and acquired immunity
What type of barrier is the skin considered in the context of immune function?
Physical barrier
What is the primary difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?
The specificity of the response
What is the primary function of the antigen-antibody binding in the humoral-mediated response?
Enhance phagocytosis and clearing of invading organisms
Which of the following is an example of an anatomical barrier in the immune system?
Skin
What is the primary function of the adaptive immune response?
Provide long-term immunity against specific pathogens
Which of the following is an example of a cellular-mediated response?
T cell activation
What is the primary function of the inflammatory response in the immune system?
Localize and eliminate pathogens from the body
Which of the following is a characteristic of the humoral-mediated response?
Enhances phagocytosis through antigen-antibody binding
Which type of immune response is characterized by a response without memory?
Innate immune response
What is the primary function of the physical and mechanical barriers in the immune system?
To provide immediate nonspecific protection against infection
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of the inflammatory response?
Opsonization
What is the main difference between the cellular and humoral mediated responses?
The mechanism of action
Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?
Memory response to infection
What is the primary function of the cytokines in the immune response?
To regulate immune responses
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?
To destroy bacteria through phagocytosis
What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune response?
To present antigens to T cells and aid in B cell recognition
What type of immune response involves the production of immunoglobulins by B cells?
Humoral response
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response?
To initiate the inflammatory response and digest microorganisms
What is the primary function of basophils in the immune response?
To release histamine and heparin during the inflammatory response
What is the primary function of T cells in the immune response?
To directly destroy infected cells and tumor cells
Study Notes
Immune Function
- Immunity can be classified into two types: Innate and Adaptive.
- Innate immunity is the first line of defense, which includes physical, biochemical, and mechanical barriers.
- The second line of innate immunity involves non-specific immune cells.
- Adaptive immunity is acquired through natural exposure, maternal antibodies, vaccinations, or infusion of immune serum globulin.
The Immune Response
- The immune response involves the coordination of various cells, tissues, and organs to defend against pathogens and other foreign substances.
Lymph Nodes and the Lymphatic System
- Lymph nodes and the lymphatic system form a network of vessels that transport excess interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream, maintaining fluid balance.
- The lymphatic system is responsible for the production, maturation, and activation of immune cells.
Anatomy of the Immune System
- The thymus is a central lymphoid organ responsible for T cell development and maturation.
- Bone marrow is responsible for the formation of B and T lymphocytes, and differentiates B and T cells.
- The spleen acts as a blood filter, and the tonsils and adenoids trap inhaled bacteria and viruses.
- Peyer's patches are immune sensors located on the mucosa of the small intestine, defending against pathogens in the GI tract.
- Cytokines are small proteins that regulate immune responses, including interleukins, interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
- The complement system is a cell-killing mechanism that is involved in both innate and acquired immunity.
Physiology of Immune Function
- The innate immune response is an immediate, non-specific response that occurs without memory.
- Physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, protect against pathogens.
- The inflammatory response is a response to tissue damage, including infection, trauma, and noxious compounds.
- The adaptive immune response involves both cellular and humoral responses.
- The cellular mediated response involves T cells that directly destroy foreign or abnormal cells.
- The humoral-mediated response involves antibodies that facilitate phagocytosis and clear pathogens from the body.
Assessment of the Immune System
- A comprehensive assessment of the immune system includes a history of age, current medications, family history, social history, nutritional status, infection history, immunizations, chronic illnesses, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
- A physical examination includes inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion.
- Diagnostic studies may include blood tests, skin tests, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and radiological imaging.
Age-Related Changes in the Immune System
- The immune system undergoes changes with age, affecting its function and response to pathogens.
Learn about the humoral-mediated response, agglutination, and opsonization in the immune system. This quiz covers the assessment of the immune system, including history, medications, and nutrition.
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