18 Questions
What is the common warning sign that indicates the blood supply to the heart is inadequate?
Chest pain
Which condition involves the interference with blood supply to the brain?
Atherosclerosis
Which cardiovascular condition involves the heart beating improperly due to electrical system malfunctions?
Cardiac arrest
What is the potential lifesaving action used to restore a normal heart rhythm within minutes during a cardiac event?
Defibrillator
What is a reversible condition if CPR is performed and a defibrillator is used promptly?
Cardiac arrest
Which term refers to a common cardiovascular disease characterized by chest pain?
Angina Pectoris
What is the primary cause of the 'lub-dub' sound heard during a cardiac cycle?
The closing of AV valves
Which condition is characterized by a gradual hardening and narrowing of the arteries?
Arteriosclerosis
What is the medical term for the swelling caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues?
Edema
What is the sudden stopping of the heart due to the failure of the heart's electrical system?
Cardiac arrest
What is the condition where a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the arteries?
Atherosclerosis
What is the condition where the heart muscle is damaged due to lack of blood supply?
Heart attack
What is the main cause of cardiovascular deaths in the U.S.?
Heart Attacks (Myocardial Infarctions)
What is the condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty material within arteries?
Atherosclerosis
Which term refers to arterial hardening due to calcium deposition?
Arteriosclerosis
What causes swelling due to disruptions in the flow of lymph?
Edema
When does lymph nodes become swollen and tender according to the text?
During infection
Which term refers to the sudden loss of blood flow resulting in failure of the heart to pump effectively?
Cardiac Arrest
Study Notes
Cardiovascular Diseases
- Angina Pectoris: a warning sign that the blood supply to the heart is inadequate, but still sufficient to avoid myocardial cell death.
- Stroke: interference with blood supply to the brain.
- Cardiac Arrest: the heart beats improperly due to heart's electrical system malfunctions, caused by irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).
The Physiology of Heart
- Cardiac Cycle: the heart's cycle of contraction and relaxation, producing "Lub-dub" sounds heard with a stethoscope.
- Heart Sounds: "Lub" is produced when AV valves close, and "Dub" is produced when Semilunar valves close at the end of ventricular systole.
- Heart Murmur: a sound caused by backflow of blood through a defective valve.
Cardiac Cycle Mechanism
- Atrial Diastole: ventricular filling, heart is relaxed, pressure in heart is low, atrioventricular valves are open, and semilunar valves are closed.
- Atrial Systole: atria contract, forcing blood into the ventricles to complete ventricular filling.
The Lymphatic System
- Lymph flow: lymph enters lymphatic capillaries, carried by lymphatic vessels, and passes through lymph nodes to remove debris and pathogens.
- Lymph vessels: have valves to prevent backflow.
- Lymph nodes: become swollen and tender when the body is fighting an infection, and drain back to circulatory system through subclavian vein.
Lymphatic System Malfunctions
- Edema: swelling caused by disruptions in the flow of lymph.
- Swollen lymph nodes: occur during infection.
Common Cardiovascular Diseases
- Atherosclerosis: accumulation of fatty material within arteries.
- Arteriosclerosis: arterial hardening due to calcium deposition.
- Heart Attacks (Myocardial Infarctions): main cause of cardiovascular deaths in the U.S.
Test your knowledge on the physiology of the heart and the cardiac cycle, including the 'Lub-dub' sounds heard with a stethoscope. Learn about AV valves, semilunar valves, ventricular systole, heart murmurs, and the sound caused by the opening and closing of heart valves during the cardiac cycle.
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