Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the research done by Gibala et al. (2006) in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance?
Short-term sprint interval training
What is the main difference between high-intensity functional training (HIFT) and traditional endurance training?
Intensity of exercise
What is the primary outcome of interval training programs on aerobic power, according to Fox et al. (1973)?
Increased aerobic power
What is the key adaptation in human skeletal muscle in response to short-term sprint interval training, according to Gibala et al. (2006)?
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What is the main advantage of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on exercise performance, according to Feito et al. (2018)?
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What is the primary focus of the research done by Burgomaster et al. (2008) on exercise-induced metabolic adaptations?
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What is the primary outcome of interval training programs on energy system interaction, according to Gastin (2001)?
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What is the primary adaptation in human skeletal muscle in response to low-volume, high-intensity interval training, according to Gibala et al. (2012)?
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What type of muscle fibers are most likely to be recruited during high-intensity training near VO2max?
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What is the primary source of energy during high-intensity, short-duration exercise?
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What is the result of glycogen depletion during high-intensity exercise?
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What is the primary physiological adaptation to high-intensity interval training (HIIT)?
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What is the role of the metabolic system during high-intensity exercise?
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What is the primary factor limiting exercise performance during high-intensity exercise?
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What is the consequence of repeated high-intensity exercise on the metabolic system?
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What is the purpose of manipulating the variables that define the training load?
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What is the term used to describe the difference between the oxygen required to perform exercise and the oxygen that is actually being utilized during that exercise?
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Which of the following is a measure of anaerobic capacity?
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What is the primary energy system utilized during high-intensity exercise of short duration?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of the body to utilize oxygen to generate energy during exercise?
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Which of the following exercises is likely to elicit a high aerobic power response?
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What is the term used to describe the changes in metabolic biomarkers that occur in response to exercise?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during high-intensity exercise?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of the body to perform exercise at a high intensity over a short period of time?
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Study Notes
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
- HIIT involves short bursts of high-intensity exercise followed by brief periods of rest or low-intensity exercise.
- Similar metabolic adaptations are observed in humans after low-volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training.
Physiological Effects of HIIT
- Improves aerobic power and exercise performance (Fox et al., 1973; Burgomaster et al., 2008)
- Increases oxygen deficit during maximal exercise (Medbø et al., 1988)
- Enhances anaerobic capacity (Medbø et al., 1988)
- Stimulates both metabolic and neuromuscular/musculoskeletal systems (Gastin, 2001)
Metabolic Adaptations
- Decrease in phosphagens (PCr and ATP) (Gastin, 2001)
- Decrease in glycogen (production of energy through anaerobic glycolysis) (Gastin, 2001)
- Similar adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance after HIIT and endurance training (Gibala et al., 2006)
Other Effects of HIIT
- Improves body composition and aerobic capacity in young physically active men and women (Murawska-Cialowicz et al., 2015)
- Increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest and after exercise (Murawska-Cialowicz et al., 2015)
- May require intensity near VO2max to recruit fast-twitch (type II) fibers and achieve maximum heart rate (Altenburg et al., 2007)
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