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Physiology of Contrast Media: Chemotoxicity and Osmotoxicity Explained

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Physiology of Contrast Media: Chemotoxicity and Osmotoxicity Explained

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Questions and Answers

What are the mechanisms involved in chemotoxicity due to contrast media?

Red blood cell lysis, Vessel wall thinning, Platelet aggregation

Plasma volume reduction, Pain reduction, Circulatory overload prevention

Enzyme blocking, Immune system activation, Complement activation (correct)

Protein binding, Enzyme activation, Nitric Oxide release

How does osmotoxicity result from contrast media?

Protein aggregation and pain reduction

Immune system suppression and redness in blood vessels

Decreased plasma volume and blood vessel constriction

Osmotic movement of water and increased plasma volume (correct)

What effect does high viscosity of contrast media have on blood vessels?

Constriction and pain

Nitric Oxide release and vessel dilation (correct)

Enzyme blocking and immune system activation

Plasma volume reduction and redness

How can osmotoxicity be reduced?

Reducing the number of particles in solution Signup and view all the answers

What effect does warming contrast media have on its viscosity?

Decreases viscosity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a mild contrast reaction?

Bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism behind an anaphylactic reaction to contrast media?

An inappropriate immune response due to sensitization to the contrast agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the immune system's response in an anaphylactic reaction to contrast media?

To stop the contrast agent from getting across the body and neutralize it Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgE antibodies in an anaphylactic reaction to contrast media?

IgE binds to receptors on mast cells and basophils, causing the release of active chemical substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between an anaphylactic reaction and an anaphylactoid reaction to contrast media?

Anaphylactoid reactions do not involve IgE antibodies, while anaphylactic reactions are mediated by IgE Signup and view all the answers