30 Questions
What is the response to a fall in arterial pressure in the baroreflex mechanism?
Increase in heart rate and sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive
Where are the arterial baroreceptors located?
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
What is the effect of an increase in arterial pressure on arterial baroreceptors?
Increase in frequency of firing
What is the role of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the baroreflex mechanism?
It receives projections from arterial baroreceptors
What is the effect of the baroreflex on heart rate?
It decreases heart rate in response to an increase in arterial pressure
What is the role of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in the baroreflex mechanism?
It sends inhibitory projections to the RVLM
What is the type of nervous system involved in the baroreflex mechanism?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What is the primary function of the arterial baroreflex and cardiac baroreflex?
To maintain a relatively constant blood pressure
What is the main site of peripheral resistance in the body?
Arterioles
What is the role of baroreceptors in the arterial baroreflex and cardiac baroreflex?
To sense changes in blood pressure
What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate?
Decreases heart rate
What is the pathway of the arterial baroreflex?
Baroreceptors - NTS - CVLM - RVLM - MSNA
What is the average pressure over the cardiac cycle?
Mean arterial pressure
What is the reason for the difference in blood pressure between lying down and standing?
Hydrostatic pressure
What is the principle behind the baroreflex mechanism that controls arterial pressure?
Negative feedback
What activates cardiac vagal neurons in response to an increase in arterial pressure?
NTS
What is the effect of increased parasympathetic activity on the heart?
Decreased heart rate and force of contraction
What is the effect of decreased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity on arterioles?
Vasodilation
What is the response to a fall in arterial pressure?
Increased vasoconstrictor drive
Which of the following is NOT involved in the baroreflex mechanism?
Cerebral cortex
What is the function of baroreceptors?
Detection of changes in arterial pressure
What is the primary effect of sympathetic vasoconstriction on arterioles?
Increased total peripheral resistance
What is the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure?
It counteracts neurally-mediated vasoconstriction
What is the function of the baroreflex mechanism?
To maintain a constant blood pressure
What is the effect of pharmacological blockade of NO production on mean BP?
An increase of ~20 mmHg
Which of the following is NOT a target of sympathetic vasoconstriction?
Brain
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve terminals to cause vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
What is the effect of an increase in blood pressure on the baroreflex mechanism?
It stimulates a decrease in blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT a component of the baroreflex mechanism?
Pons
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the context of blood pressure regulation?
To decrease blood pressure
Test your understanding of the physiological responses to changes in blood pressure, including the role of the baroreflex and its effects on heart rate and sympathetic drive. Learn how the body regulates blood pressure and how it responds to fluctuations. Assess your knowledge of the relationships between blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity.
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