WK 3: Arterial pressure and its control
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Questions and Answers

What is the response to a fall in arterial pressure in the baroreflex mechanism?

  • Decrease in heart rate and sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive
  • No change in heart rate and sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive
  • Increase in heart rate and sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive (correct)
  • Total cessation of heart activity and sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive

    • Where are the arterial baroreceptors located?

  • Spinal cord and peripheral nerves
  • Medulla oblongata and pons
  • Cerebrum and cerebellum
  • Carotid sinus and aortic arch (correct)

    • What is the effect of an increase in arterial pressure on arterial baroreceptors?

  • Total cessation of firing
  • No change in frequency of firing
  • Decrease in frequency of firing
  • Increase in frequency of firing (correct)

    • What is the role of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>It receives projections from arterial baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the baroreflex on heart rate?

    <p>It decreases heart rate in response to an increase in arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>It sends inhibitory projections to the RVLM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of nervous system involved in the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the arterial baroreflex and cardiac baroreflex?

    <p>To maintain a relatively constant blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of peripheral resistance in the body?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of baroreceptors in the arterial baroreflex and cardiac baroreflex?

    <p>To sense changes in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate?

    <p>Decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of the arterial baroreflex?

    <p>Baroreceptors - NTS - CVLM - RVLM - MSNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average pressure over the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Mean arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the difference in blood pressure between lying down and standing?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the baroreflex mechanism that controls arterial pressure?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates cardiac vagal neurons in response to an increase in arterial pressure?

    <p>NTS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased parasympathetic activity on the heart?

    <p>Decreased heart rate and force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity on arterioles?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response to a fall in arterial pressure?

    <p>Increased vasoconstrictor drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of baroreceptors?

    <p>Detection of changes in arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of sympathetic vasoconstriction on arterioles?

    <p>Increased total peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>It counteracts neurally-mediated vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>To maintain a constant blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of pharmacological blockade of NO production on mean BP?

    <p>An increase of ~20 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a target of sympathetic vasoconstriction?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve terminals to cause vasoconstriction?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in blood pressure on the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>It stimulates a decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the baroreflex mechanism?

    <p>Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the context of blood pressure regulation?

    <p>To decrease blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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