Regulation of BP
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on blood volume?

  • Decreases blood volume by causing vasoconstriction.
  • Has no effect on blood volume.
  • Increases blood volume by promoting water reabsorption. (correct)
  • Decreases blood volume by promoting water loss.

    • Under what condition is erythropoietin primarily released?

  • High blood volume and high oxygen content.
  • High blood sugar content.
  • Low blood pressure and low oxygen content. (correct)
  • High blood pressure and high oxygen content.

    • What is the primary mechanism by which atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) reduces blood pressure?

  • Promoting vasoconstriction.
  • Increasing the release of renin.
  • Increasing sodium excretion at the kidneys. (correct)
  • Decreasing water excretion by increasing ADH release.

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of natriuretic peptides like ANF and BNP?

    <p>Reducing sodium excretion at the kidneys. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)?

    <p>Excessive stretching of the right atrium during diastole. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a vessel?

    <p>The contraction of the ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes diastolic blood pressure?

    <p>The minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mm Hg, what condition would they likely be diagnosed with?

    <p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on blood pressure if cardiac output increases due to an elevated heart rate?

    <p>Blood pressure rises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculated?

    <p>Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical range for normal mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

    <p>70-110 mm Hg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR) typically cause?

    <p>Increase in blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a significant decrease (over 10%) in blood volume on blood pressure?

    <p>Blood pressure drops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary definition of blood flow?

    <p>The quantity of blood passing through circulation per unit of time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how cardiac output affects blood pressure?

    <p>Increased cardiac output leads to an increase in blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In clinical practice, when the term 'blood pressure' is used, it typically refers to the pressure in which part of the circulatory system?

    <p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides heart rate, what other factor significantly affects cardiac output?

    <p>Stroke volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Poiseuille's law, how does the radius of a blood vessel affect resistance?

    <p>Resistance is inversely proportional to the radius to the fourth power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dehydration affect blood pressure?

    <p>It decreases blood pressure because of reduced blood volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total blood flow in an adult's circulation per minute?

    <p>5000 ml/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would lead to an increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

    <p>Dehydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is best described as the force that drives blood flow through the circulatory system?

    <p>Pressure differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does pulse pressure decrease as blood flows further from the heart?

    <p>Due to elastic rebound in the arteries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Darcy's law, if total peripheral resistance (TPR) increases while mean arterial pressure (MAP) remains constant, what would happen to cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output would decrease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the pressure in the aorta typically vary?

    <p>Both ventricular systole and diastole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Korotkoff sounds when measuring blood pressure?

    <p>Turbulent blood flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes laminar blood flow?

    <p>Smooth flow with the fastest movement at the vessel's center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in blood vessel length affect systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

    <p>SVR increases due to increased surface area and friction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding blood viscosity and its effect on blood pressure?

    <p>Increased blood viscosity requires higher pressure to maintain blood Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cardiovascular regulation?

    <p>To ensure blood flow changes occur appropriately in time and location, without drastically altering blood flow to vital organs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT directly involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function?

    <p>Dietary intake of sodium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autoregulation in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To make localised adjustments to blood flow within capillary beds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If autoregulation fails, what mechanisms are activated in the short term to compensate and control cardiovascular function?

    <p>Neural or endocrine mechanisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the myogenic response?

    <p>The response of smooth muscle tissue to pressure changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does warming of tissue typically have on local blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a potent LOCAL vasodilator?

    <p>Low pH levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a consequence of failure to compensate in response to a loss of blood?

    <p>Inadequate blood flow to tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate effect of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (E and NE) on peripheral blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction in the skin and abdominal organs, and vasodilation in skeletal muscle and coronary arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT monitored by the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies?

    <p>Blood Glucose concentrations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulating the carotid sinus?

    <p>Decreases heart rate, possibly leading to syncope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is activated in response to a decrease in blood pressure, prompting the release of renin?

    <p>The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would a decrease in blood pressure stimulate in the cardiovascular centers?

    <p>Increase in cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a tight collar or hyperextension of the neck on the carotid sinus?

    <p>It may slow heart rate and cause fainting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following physiological responses is NOT a direct result of chemoreceptor stimulation?

    <p>Increased parasympathetic stimulation to the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these does NOT contribute to the long-term regulation of blood volume?

    <p>Epinephrine (E) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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