40 Questions
Which mechanism controls the arterial blood pressure by adjusting vascular capacity and resistance as well as blood volume?
Peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes
Which hormone has potent diuretic and natriuretic effects on the kidneys?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which reflex is activated by the reduction in partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and leads to vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure back to normal?
Peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes
Which mechanism causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure back to normal proportional to the increase in intracranial pressure?
Cushing's reflex
Which gland decreases the secretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) to increase urine output and decrease blood volume and pressure?
Pituitary gland
Which mechanism involves an increase in blood volume leading to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and subsequent fluid filtration into tissue spaces?
Capillary fluid shift mechanism
Which of the following hormones or hormone systems is involved in the hormonal regulation of arterial blood pressure?
Catecholamines and renin-angiotensin system
Which mechanism adjusts the body's fluid and blood volumes to control arterial blood pressure?
Renal-body fluid mechanism
A decrease in arterial blood pressure leads to a reduction in which of the following, which subsequently decreases urine flow and salt excretion?
Glomerular filtration rate
Which hormone is secreted in response to a decrease in arterial blood pressure and promotes sodium reabsorption by the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Which of the following is NOT a short-term mechanism for regulating arterial blood pressure?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What is the primary function of the arterial baroreceptor reflexes?
To maintain arterial blood pressure within a normal range
Which of the following statements about the capillary fluid shift mechanism is correct?
It involves the movement of fluid between the capillaries and the interstitial space
How does an increase in arterial blood pressure affect the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
It decreases GFR by constricting the efferent arterioles
Which hormone plays a key role in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by promoting sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines peripheral resistance?
Heart rate
What is the primary mechanism by which adjusting arteriolar diameter affects arterial blood pressure?
By altering peripheral resistance
Which of the following statements about the relationship between cardiac output and blood pressure is TRUE?
Increasing stroke volume raises systolic blood pressure more than diastolic blood pressure.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the glomerular filtration rate and, consequently, blood pressure?
Angiotensin II
What is the primary mechanism by which aldosterone regulates blood pressure?
By increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys
What is the primary cause of essential hypertension?
Genetic polymorphisms
Which factor is NOT associated with the mechanisms of established hypertension?
Genetic mutations
What is the effect of sustained diastolic pressures exceeding 90 mm Hg?
Increased risk for atherosclerosis
In patients with systolic pressures between 140 and 159 mm Hg, what must be considered when deciding on treatment?
Other contributing factors
What is the basic mechanism for established hypertension?
Increased vascular resistance
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension related to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system?
Renal disease
Which pathological consequence of raised arterial pressure is marked by homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls, leading to luminal narrowing?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
In the kidneys, the arteriolar narrowing caused by hyaline arteriosclerosis leads to what condition characterized by glomerular scarring?
Nephrosclerosis
Which of the following conditions results in thickening of the media layer of muscular arteries due to smooth muscle hyperplasia and collagen deposition?
Hypertension
What selective response to hypertension includes thickening of the media layer of muscular arteries and collagen deposition in small arteries and arterioles?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
What is the pathological consequence of long-standing systemic hypertensive heart disease leading to congestive failure?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Which condition is characterized by marked concentric thickening of the left ventricular wall causing a reduction in lumen size?
Systemic hypertensive heart disease
What may be the heart weight in individuals with long-standing systemic hypertensive heart disease?
500 g or more
What is the major effect of increased left ventricular wall thickness in systemic hypertensive heart disease?
Left atrial dilation
What is the primary pathological feature of chronic cor pulmonale?
Right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy
Which pathological change is described as exhibiting 'onion skin', concentric, laminated thickening of arteriolar walls and luminal narrowing?
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
Which vascular disorder is NOT mentioned as being associated with hypertension?
Myocardial infarction
What percentage of ischemic heart disease is attributed to inadequate management of hypertension, according to the given information?
49%
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of persistent hypertension on the heart, as described in the text?
Myocardial ischemia
According to the information provided, what cellular change occurs in the myocardium as an adaptive response to pressure overload due to hypertension?
Sarcomeres are added in parallel to existing sarcomeres
Explore the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure, including capillary fluid shift mechanism and hormonal regulation. Learn how changes in blood volume and arteriolar diameter affect blood pressure levels.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
