Questions and Answers
Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid? (Select all that apply)
Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?
About 73% of lean muscle tissue is:
The major cation in the intracellular fluid is ________, whereas the major anion in the extracellular fluid is ________.
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Minerals most involved in fluid balance are:
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The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move:
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Compared to dry environments, evaporation of sweat is ________ in humid environments, resulting in _______ body cooling.
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The AI recommendation for total water intake is:
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Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in:
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Which of the following foods has the highest percent of total weight as water?
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Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _________.
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ADH is a hormone that:
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Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that:
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Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found in:
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Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed. Oxalic acid is found in:
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Sodium transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells. What is sodium?
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Most sodium consumed is from:
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Some North Americans are called "sodium sensitive." For these people, high sodium intake contributes to:
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In a healthy person, sodium consumed in excess of body needs is:
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A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is:
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Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency?
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Study Notes
Extracellular Fluid
- Extracellular fluid includes tears, gastrointestinal fluid, blood plasma, and lymph.
- All these fluids are classified as extracellular, making option e correct.
Body Fluid Compartments
- The intracellular compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid, surpassing the extracellular compartment.
Water Content in Muscle Tissue
- Lean muscle tissue is composed of approximately 73% water, highlighting the importance of hydration for muscle health.
Ion Distribution
- Potassium is the major cation in intracellular fluid, while chloride is the major anion in extracellular fluid.
Minerals in Fluid Balance
- Sodium and potassium are critical minerals involved in maintaining fluid balance in the body.
Sodium-Potassium Pump
- This pump utilizes energy to move sodium ions out of the cell, crucial for cellular function.
Sweat Evaporation
- Evaporation of sweat is reduced in humid environments, leading to less effective body cooling.
Total Water Intake Recommendations
- The AI recommends a total water intake of 15 cups for adult males and 11 cups for adult females.
Water Losses
- Excessive water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea typically result in decreased urine output, indicating hydration status.
Water Content in Foods
- Lettuce has the highest percentage of total weight as water among the listed options.
Water Intoxication
- Drinking excessive water can lead to hyponatremia, a condition characterized by dilution of sodium in the blood.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- ADH, produced in the pituitary gland, reduces water excretion from the body.
Aldosterone Function
- Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, influencing fluid balance.
Phytic Acid and Mineral Absorption
- Found in cereal grain fibers, phytic acid binds minerals, preventing their absorption in the digestive system.
Oxalic Acid and Mineral Absorption
- Present in some leafy green vegetables like spinach, oxalic acid binds minerals, inhibiting their absorption.
Sodium Functions
- Sodium acts as the principal positively charged ion in extracellular fluid and plays a role in transmitting electrical impulses in nerve cells.
Sodium Intake Sources
- Most dietary sodium comes from processed foods and meals at restaurants rather than from added table salt or naturally occurring sodium.
Sodium Sensitivity
- Certain North Americans, considered "sodium sensitive," may experience hypertension from high sodium intake.
Sodium Excretion
- In healthy individuals, excess sodium is excreted by the kidneys, helping to regulate body levels.
Intracellular Cation
- Potassium is a positively charged ion predominantly found in the intracellular fluid, essential for various physiological processes.
Potassium Deficiency Risk
- Individuals taking diuretics, such as patients with hypertension, are at a higher risk for potassium deficiency.
Chloride Role
- Chloride serves as the main anion in extracellular fluid, contributing to several physiological functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of body fluid compartments with these flashcards! This quiz covers extracellular and intracellular fluid classifications, along with related concepts. Perfect for revision before your final exam!
