Physiology Flashcards Pt. 2 Final
21 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid? (Select all that apply)

  • Gastrointestinal fluid
  • Tears
  • All of these choices are accurate. (correct)
  • Blood plasma
  • Lymph
  • Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?

  • Intracellular compartment (correct)
  • Extracellular compartment
  • Both compartments contain the same amount of water.
  • About 73% of lean muscle tissue is:

  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Water (correct)
  • Protein
  • The major cation in the intracellular fluid is ________, whereas the major anion in the extracellular fluid is ________.

    <p>potassium; chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals most involved in fluid balance are:

    <p>Sodium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move:

    <p>Sodium ions out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared to dry environments, evaporation of sweat is ________ in humid environments, resulting in _______ body cooling.

    <p>Reduced; less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The AI recommendation for total water intake is:

    <p>15 cups for adult males and 11 cups for adult females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in:

    <p>Decreased urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods has the highest percent of total weight as water?

    <p>Lettuce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _________.

    <p>hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ADH is a hormone that:

    <p>Decreases water excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that:

    <p>Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found in:

    <p>Cereal grain fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed. Oxalic acid is found in:

    <p>Some leafy, green vegetables, such as spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells. What is sodium?

    <p>Transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sodium consumed is from:

    <p>Processed foods and those purchased at restaurants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some North Americans are called "sodium sensitive." For these people, high sodium intake contributes to:

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a healthy person, sodium consumed in excess of body needs is:

    <p>Excreted by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is:

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency?

    <p>Patients taking diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extracellular Fluid

    • Extracellular fluid includes tears, gastrointestinal fluid, blood plasma, and lymph.
    • All these fluids are classified as extracellular, making option e correct.

    Body Fluid Compartments

    • The intracellular compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid, surpassing the extracellular compartment.

    Water Content in Muscle Tissue

    • Lean muscle tissue is composed of approximately 73% water, highlighting the importance of hydration for muscle health.

    Ion Distribution

    • Potassium is the major cation in intracellular fluid, while chloride is the major anion in extracellular fluid.

    Minerals in Fluid Balance

    • Sodium and potassium are critical minerals involved in maintaining fluid balance in the body.

    Sodium-Potassium Pump

    • This pump utilizes energy to move sodium ions out of the cell, crucial for cellular function.

    Sweat Evaporation

    • Evaporation of sweat is reduced in humid environments, leading to less effective body cooling.

    Total Water Intake Recommendations

    • The AI recommends a total water intake of 15 cups for adult males and 11 cups for adult females.

    Water Losses

    • Excessive water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea typically result in decreased urine output, indicating hydration status.

    Water Content in Foods

    • Lettuce has the highest percentage of total weight as water among the listed options.

    Water Intoxication

    • Drinking excessive water can lead to hyponatremia, a condition characterized by dilution of sodium in the blood.

    Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

    • ADH, produced in the pituitary gland, reduces water excretion from the body.

    Aldosterone Function

    • Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, influencing fluid balance.

    Phytic Acid and Mineral Absorption

    • Found in cereal grain fibers, phytic acid binds minerals, preventing their absorption in the digestive system.

    Oxalic Acid and Mineral Absorption

    • Present in some leafy green vegetables like spinach, oxalic acid binds minerals, inhibiting their absorption.

    Sodium Functions

    • Sodium acts as the principal positively charged ion in extracellular fluid and plays a role in transmitting electrical impulses in nerve cells.

    Sodium Intake Sources

    • Most dietary sodium comes from processed foods and meals at restaurants rather than from added table salt or naturally occurring sodium.

    Sodium Sensitivity

    • Certain North Americans, considered "sodium sensitive," may experience hypertension from high sodium intake.

    Sodium Excretion

    • In healthy individuals, excess sodium is excreted by the kidneys, helping to regulate body levels.

    Intracellular Cation

    • Potassium is a positively charged ion predominantly found in the intracellular fluid, essential for various physiological processes.

    Potassium Deficiency Risk

    • Individuals taking diuretics, such as patients with hypertension, are at a higher risk for potassium deficiency.

    Chloride Role

    • Chloride serves as the main anion in extracellular fluid, contributing to several physiological functions.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of body fluid compartments with these flashcards! This quiz covers extracellular and intracellular fluid classifications, along with related concepts. Perfect for revision before your final exam!

    More Like This

    Body Fluids Overview
    21 questions

    Body Fluids Overview

    inspireeAcademy avatar
    inspireeAcademy
    Body Fluid Composition and Measurement
    32 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser