Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid? (Select all that apply)
Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?
Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?
About 73% of lean muscle tissue is:
About 73% of lean muscle tissue is:
The major cation in the intracellular fluid is ________, whereas the major anion in the extracellular fluid is ________.
The major cation in the intracellular fluid is ________, whereas the major anion in the extracellular fluid is ________.
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Minerals most involved in fluid balance are:
Minerals most involved in fluid balance are:
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The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move:
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move:
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Compared to dry environments, evaporation of sweat is ________ in humid environments, resulting in _______ body cooling.
Compared to dry environments, evaporation of sweat is ________ in humid environments, resulting in _______ body cooling.
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The AI recommendation for total water intake is:
The AI recommendation for total water intake is:
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Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in:
Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in:
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Which of the following foods has the highest percent of total weight as water?
Which of the following foods has the highest percent of total weight as water?
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Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _________.
Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _________.
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ADH is a hormone that:
ADH is a hormone that:
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Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that:
Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that:
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Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found in:
Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found in:
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Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed. Oxalic acid is found in:
Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed. Oxalic acid is found in:
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Sodium transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells. What is sodium?
Sodium transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells. What is sodium?
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Most sodium consumed is from:
Most sodium consumed is from:
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Some North Americans are called "sodium sensitive." For these people, high sodium intake contributes to:
Some North Americans are called "sodium sensitive." For these people, high sodium intake contributes to:
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In a healthy person, sodium consumed in excess of body needs is:
In a healthy person, sodium consumed in excess of body needs is:
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A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is:
A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is:
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Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency?
Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency?
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Study Notes
Extracellular Fluid
- Extracellular fluid includes tears, gastrointestinal fluid, blood plasma, and lymph.
- All these fluids are classified as extracellular, making option e correct.
Body Fluid Compartments
- The intracellular compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid, surpassing the extracellular compartment.
Water Content in Muscle Tissue
- Lean muscle tissue is composed of approximately 73% water, highlighting the importance of hydration for muscle health.
Ion Distribution
- Potassium is the major cation in intracellular fluid, while chloride is the major anion in extracellular fluid.
Minerals in Fluid Balance
- Sodium and potassium are critical minerals involved in maintaining fluid balance in the body.
Sodium-Potassium Pump
- This pump utilizes energy to move sodium ions out of the cell, crucial for cellular function.
Sweat Evaporation
- Evaporation of sweat is reduced in humid environments, leading to less effective body cooling.
Total Water Intake Recommendations
- The AI recommends a total water intake of 15 cups for adult males and 11 cups for adult females.
Water Losses
- Excessive water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea typically result in decreased urine output, indicating hydration status.
Water Content in Foods
- Lettuce has the highest percentage of total weight as water among the listed options.
Water Intoxication
- Drinking excessive water can lead to hyponatremia, a condition characterized by dilution of sodium in the blood.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- ADH, produced in the pituitary gland, reduces water excretion from the body.
Aldosterone Function
- Aldosterone is an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, influencing fluid balance.
Phytic Acid and Mineral Absorption
- Found in cereal grain fibers, phytic acid binds minerals, preventing their absorption in the digestive system.
Oxalic Acid and Mineral Absorption
- Present in some leafy green vegetables like spinach, oxalic acid binds minerals, inhibiting their absorption.
Sodium Functions
- Sodium acts as the principal positively charged ion in extracellular fluid and plays a role in transmitting electrical impulses in nerve cells.
Sodium Intake Sources
- Most dietary sodium comes from processed foods and meals at restaurants rather than from added table salt or naturally occurring sodium.
Sodium Sensitivity
- Certain North Americans, considered "sodium sensitive," may experience hypertension from high sodium intake.
Sodium Excretion
- In healthy individuals, excess sodium is excreted by the kidneys, helping to regulate body levels.
Intracellular Cation
- Potassium is a positively charged ion predominantly found in the intracellular fluid, essential for various physiological processes.
Potassium Deficiency Risk
- Individuals taking diuretics, such as patients with hypertension, are at a higher risk for potassium deficiency.
Chloride Role
- Chloride serves as the main anion in extracellular fluid, contributing to several physiological functions.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of body fluid compartments with these flashcards! This quiz covers extracellular and intracellular fluid classifications, along with related concepts. Perfect for revision before your final exam!
