25 Questions
What is a biome?
All organisms living in a major ecological region
What is the term for a collection of all the genetic material of an organism?
Genome
What is the term for the coordinated molecular, cellular, and physiological functioning of an organism?
Physiome
How many physiological organ systems are in the human body?
10
What is the underlying principle in translational research?
Integrated functions and mechanisms
What is the main objective of translational research?
To develop treatments and strategies for preventing human diseases
What is the term used to describe the approach of translational research?
Bench to bedside
What is the main topic of Jimmy's class?
Physiology
What is the result of applying the concept of integrated functions and mechanisms in physiology?
Development of expertise in physiology
What is Jimmy's mother's concern about?
The need to take insulin for her diabetes
What is the significance of the study on rats that found a chemical from the pancreas named amylin reduced the rats’ food intake?
It led to the development of a new treatment for diabetes
What is the reason Jimmy's mother gives for not wanting to take insulin?
Her type of diabetes doesn't need insulin
What is Jimmy's response to his mother's concern?
He's not sure and needs to look it up
What is the primary function of excretion in the body?
To eliminate material from the body
Which organs are primarily responsible for excreting foreign substances, such as drugs and artificial food additives, from the body?
Liver and kidneys
What is the term for any foreign substance that enters the body?
Xenobiotic
How is carbon dioxide produced during metabolism excreted from the body?
Through the lungs
What is the alternative to excretion for maintaining mass balance in the body?
Conversion of substances through metabolism
What is the result of not maintaining mass balance in the body?
Accumulation of foreign substances in the body
What is the unit of measurement for clearance?
Volume of blood cleared of substance x per unit of time
Which of the following is an example of clearance?
The exhalation of ethanol from the blood
What is the potential danger of drugs and alcohol in breast milk?
The infant will ingest these substances
Why was Napoleon Bonaparte's hair tested for arsenic?
Because hair follicles help clear some compounds from the body
What is the term for the rate at which a substance disappears from the blood?
Clearance
What is the difference between steady state and equilibrium?
Steady state is a stable condition, while equilibrium is a balance
Study Notes
Physiology and Its Significance
- Physiology is the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts, including all its chemical and physical processes.
- The term "physiology" literally means "knowledge of nature."
Ancient Remedies and Modern Medicine
- Ancient remedies, such as camel dung and powdered sheep horn, may seem bizarre, but some are still used today, such as blood-sucking leeches and chemicals derived from medicinal plants.
Omics and the "Ome" Suffix
- The "ome" suffix comes from the Latin word for "mass" or "tumor" and is used to refer to a collection of items that make up a whole, such as a genome (all the genetic material of an organism) or a physiome (an organism's coordinated molecular, cellular, and physiological functioning).
Human Body Systems
- There are 10 physiological organ systems in the human body, including the nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems.
Translational Research
- Translational research uses insights and results from basic medical research to develop treatments and strategies for preventing human diseases.
- An example of translational research is the development of a drug for treating diabetes mellitus.
Physiology and Problem-Solving
- Physiology requires more than just memorizing facts and learning new terminology; it requires a conceptual framework and the ability to solve problems.
- Pattern recognition is an important skill in healthcare professions, and it can simplify learning physiology.
Excretion and Clearance
- Excretion is the elimination of material from the body, usually through the urine, feces, lungs, or skin.
- Clearance is the rate at which a substance is removed from the blood, and it is an important concept in physiology.
- Examples of clearance include the exhalation of carbon dioxide and the excretion of ethanol in the breath.
Diabetes and Insulin
- Type 2 diabetes may require insulin treatment as the disease progresses.
- Eating a high-fiber diet may help manage diabetes, but it is not a substitute for insulin treatment.
A quiz about unconventional remedies used in physiology, including ancient practices and modern applications.
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