Physiology Chapters 6 and 7

Chapter 6

• Local communication forms: Describe 3 forms and give a physiological example for each.
• Signal transduction pathway steps: Detail the 5 steps.
• Membrane receptor categories: Describe the 4 types.
• Signal amplification: Explain and mention its physiological importance.
• G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-phospholipase C pathway: Describe the pathway.
• Calcium as an intracellular messenger: Explain its role.
• Receptor concepts: Define saturation, specificity, and competition.
• Cannon's postulates: Outline Cannon's 4 postulates.
• Endocrine vs nervous system: Compare and contrast the two systems.

Chapter 7

• Peptide hormone synthesis and processing: Explain the process and provide an example.
• Steroid hormone action: Describe how steroid hormones reach and act on target cells, including an example.
• Amine hormone example: Provide an example, describe its release, transport, receptor location, and response to binding.
• Simple endocrine reflex: Give an example (refer to Figure 7.7a).
• Hypothalamic hormones and pathways: List 2 hypothalamic hormones and their pathway to target tissues (refer to Figure 7.9).
• Hormone feedback types: Differentiate long-loop and short-loop negative feedback, with examples.
• Hormone interactions: Define synergism, permissiveness, and antagonism with examples.

Chapter 8

• Myelin sheath: Explain its composition, role of cells involved, and significance of saltatory conduction.
• Graded vs Action potentials: Distinguish between graded and action potentials, and include differences in strength.
• Graded potential strength loss: Explain why graded potentials lose strength.
• All-or-none principle of action potentials: Describe the principle and its dependence on threshold potential.
• Action potential steps: Outline the various steps in an action potential, including ion flow.
• Refractory periods: Define and differentiate absolute and relative refractory periods.
• Chemical synapse steps: Explain the steps involved in chemical synapse transmission.
• Neurotransmitter termination methods: List 3 ways neurotransmitters can be terminated.
• IPSP vs EPSP: Compare and contrast inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Chapter 9

• Blood-brain barrier: Describe its formation and significance.
• Cranial nerves: List the 12 cranial nerves (likely a matching question).
• Brain stem functions: Describe the functions of different areas in the brain stem.
• Diencephalon components: Explain the components of the diencephalon.
• Hypothalamus functions: Describe the functions of the hypothalamus, including its specific mechanisms.
• Limbic system components and functions: Explain the components and functions of the limbic system.
• Cerebral cortex functions: Identify the functional areas of the cerebral cortex and their locations (refer to Figure 9.13).
• Cerebral lateralization: Define the term.
• Long-term memory types: Describe 2 types of long-term memory.

Test your knowledge on the physiological concepts outlined in Chapters 6 and 7. This quiz covers local communication forms, signal transduction pathways, and hormone synthesis and action. Explore receptor concepts, endocrine versus nervous system comparisons, and Cannon's postulates in a detailed format.