Physiology: Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors
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Questions and Answers

What are the three factors that vascular resistance depends on?

  • Size of the blood vessel lumen, blood pressure, and blood volume
  • Size of the blood vessel lumen, blood viscosity, and total blood vessel length (correct)
  • Blood viscosity, heart rate, and stroke volume
  • Total blood volume, heart rate, and size of the blood vessel lumen
  • Where is the cardiovascular (CV) center located?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata (correct)
  • Which receptors provide input to the CV center during physical activity?

  • Proprioceptors and chemoreceptors (correct)
  • Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
  • Proprioceptors and baroreceptors
  • Proprioceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors
  • What are the factors controlled by the interconnected negative feedback systems for blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Heart rate, stroke volume, and vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood pressure depend on the total volume of blood in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>It indirectly affects blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a component affecting vascular resistance?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of arterioles in the blood flow process?

    <p>Regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel type is responsible for permitting the exchange of nutrients and wastes between cells and blood?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the automatic adjustment of blood flow in response to tissue metabolic demands?

    <p>Autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of capillary blood hydrostatic pressure in the capillary exchange process?

    <p>Pushing fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of blood colloid osmotic pressure in capillary exchange?

    <p>Pulling fluid into capillaries from interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lymphatic system contribute to maintaining blood volume?

    <p>By collecting excess interstitial fluid and draining it back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of heart disease and death in older Americans?

    <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition increases with age and is associated with congestive heart failure and atherosclerosis?

    <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is shock in terms of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Failure to deliver enough O2 and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if an untreated aneurysm enlarges?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a thin, weakened section of the wall of an artery or vein that bulges outward forming a balloon-like sac?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chemoreceptors located in the human body?

    <p>In the carotid bodies and aortic body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones help regulate blood pressure and blood flow by altering cardiac output?

    <p>Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in response to low O2, high CO2, or H+ levels in the blood?

    <p>Increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in blood flow regulation?

    <p>Causes vasoconstriction and increased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors send impulses to the cardiovascular center to regulate blood pressure?

    <p>Baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone causes decreased blood volume and vasodilation?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the oxygenated blood return to after circulation through the lungs?

    <p>Left atrium via pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a major systemic artery?

    <p>Pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is responsible for draining blood from the head and neck?

    <p>Jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the vena cava in the circulatory system?

    <p>Drain blood from the upper body to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the stomach and other digestive organs?

    <p>Mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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