Physiology: Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors

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What are the three factors that vascular resistance depends on?

Size of the blood vessel lumen, blood pressure, and blood volume

Size of the blood vessel lumen, blood viscosity, and total blood vessel length (correct)

Blood viscosity, heart rate, and stroke volume

Total blood volume, heart rate, and size of the blood vessel lumen

Where is the cardiovascular (CV) center located?

Hypothalamus

Pons

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata (correct)

Which receptors provide input to the CV center during physical activity?

Proprioceptors and chemoreceptors (correct)

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

Proprioceptors and baroreceptors

Proprioceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors

What are the factors controlled by the interconnected negative feedback systems for blood pressure regulation?

Heart rate, stroke volume, and vascular resistance Signup and view all the answers

How does blood pressure depend on the total volume of blood in the cardiovascular system?

It indirectly affects blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a component affecting vascular resistance?

Heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arterioles in the blood flow process?

Regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel type is responsible for permitting the exchange of nutrients and wastes between cells and blood?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the automatic adjustment of blood flow in response to tissue metabolic demands?

Autoregulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of capillary blood hydrostatic pressure in the capillary exchange process?

Pushing fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of blood colloid osmotic pressure in capillary exchange?

Pulling fluid into capillaries from interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

How does the lymphatic system contribute to maintaining blood volume?

By collecting excess interstitial fluid and draining it back into the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of heart disease and death in older Americans?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition increases with age and is associated with congestive heart failure and atherosclerosis?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is shock in terms of the cardiovascular system?

Failure to deliver enough O2 and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if an untreated aneurysm enlarges?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

What causes a thin, weakened section of the wall of an artery or vein that bulges outward forming a balloon-like sac?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Where are chemoreceptors located in the human body?

In the carotid bodies and aortic body Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones help regulate blood pressure and blood flow by altering cardiac output?

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) system Signup and view all the answers

What happens in response to low O2, high CO2, or H+ levels in the blood?

Increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in blood flow regulation?

Causes vasoconstriction and increased blood volume Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors send impulses to the cardiovascular center to regulate blood pressure?

Baroreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes decreased blood volume and vasodilation?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries Signup and view all the answers

Where does the oxygenated blood return to after circulation through the lungs?

Left atrium via pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a major systemic artery?

Pulmonary trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is responsible for draining blood from the head and neck?

Jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vena cava in the circulatory system?

Drain blood from the upper body to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the stomach and other digestive organs?

Mesenteric artery Signup and view all the answers