30 Questions
What are the three factors that vascular resistance depends on?
Size of the blood vessel lumen, blood viscosity, and total blood vessel length
Where is the cardiovascular (CV) center located?
Medulla oblongata
Which receptors provide input to the CV center during physical activity?
Proprioceptors and chemoreceptors
What are the factors controlled by the interconnected negative feedback systems for blood pressure regulation?
Heart rate, stroke volume, and vascular resistance
How does blood pressure depend on the total volume of blood in the cardiovascular system?
It indirectly affects blood pressure
Which factor is NOT a component affecting vascular resistance?
Heart rate
What is the primary function of arterioles in the blood flow process?
Regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries
Which vessel type is responsible for permitting the exchange of nutrients and wastes between cells and blood?
Capillaries
What is the term used to describe the automatic adjustment of blood flow in response to tissue metabolic demands?
Autoregulation
What is the main function of capillary blood hydrostatic pressure in the capillary exchange process?
Pushing fluid out of capillaries into interstitial fluid
What is the role of blood colloid osmotic pressure in capillary exchange?
Pulling fluid into capillaries from interstitial fluid
How does the lymphatic system contribute to maintaining blood volume?
By collecting excess interstitial fluid and draining it back into the blood
What is the major cause of heart disease and death in older Americans?
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Which condition increases with age and is associated with congestive heart failure and atherosclerosis?
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
What is the most common disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels?
Hypertension
What is shock in terms of the cardiovascular system?
Failure to deliver enough O2 and nutrients
What can happen if an untreated aneurysm enlarges?
Stroke
What causes a thin, weakened section of the wall of an artery or vein that bulges outward forming a balloon-like sac?
Atherosclerosis
Where are chemoreceptors located in the human body?
In the carotid bodies and aortic body
Which hormones help regulate blood pressure and blood flow by altering cardiac output?
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) system
What happens in response to low O2, high CO2, or H+ levels in the blood?
Increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in blood flow regulation?
Causes vasoconstriction and increased blood volume
Which receptors send impulses to the cardiovascular center to regulate blood pressure?
Baroreceptors
Which hormone causes decreased blood volume and vasodilation?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries
Where does the oxygenated blood return to after circulation through the lungs?
Left atrium via pulmonary veins
Which of the following is NOT considered a major systemic artery?
Pulmonary trunk
Which vein is responsible for draining blood from the head and neck?
Jugular vein
What is the main function of the vena cava in the circulatory system?
Drain blood from the upper body to the heart
Which artery supplies blood to the stomach and other digestive organs?
Mesenteric artery
Test your knowledge about the location and function of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the body. Learn how these receptors help regulate blood pressure and monitor blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions.
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