Effects of Exercise on Baroreceptors and Blood Pressure

What is the primary global effect on the cardiovascular system during exercise?

Reduction in total peripheral resistance

What signals do the neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscles send during exercise?

Signals to the central command center (CCC)

What is the net effect of local metabolites mediating profound vasodilation in skeletal muscle during exercise?

Reduction in total peripheral resistance

What is the purpose of the blood flow redistribution system during exercise?

To drive blood to the skeletal muscles and the heart Signup and view all the answers

What causes cold and clammy hands and arms early in a treadmill workout?

Sympathetic activity causing skin arterioles to squeeze Signup and view all the answers

What effect does swimming have on gut blood flow?

It shuts down and reduces blood flow to the gut Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in heart rate affect ventricular filling?

It reduces the amount of time to fill the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What effect does exercise have on mean arterial pressure?

It increases mean arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the baroreceptors during exercise?

They are affected by increased mean arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary place in the body where nutrients are exchanged?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capillaries are found in muscle, connective tissue, and neural tissue?

Continuous capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What type of capillaries have pores large enough to allow high volumes of fluid to pass through?

Fenestrated capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What drives fluid movement into and out of capillaries?

Both hydrostatic and osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which activity causes the body to recognize higher pressures as normal?

Sympathetic activity Signup and view all the answers

Where are fenestrated capillaries found in the body?

Kidney and intestines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between continuous and fenestrated capillaries?

Size of pores Signup and view all the answers

In most capillaries, how are large proteins transported?

By transcytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues have the highest capillary density?

Muscles and glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the baroreceptors during exercise?

To recognize higher pressures as normal. Signup and view all the answers

Which organs do not have typical capillaries but sinusoids?

Liver, bone marrow, and spleen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

To protect neural tissue from toxins in the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main determinant of bulk flow across capillaries?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Why do hemoglobin and albumin need to stay in the blood and cannot pass through the capillary wall?

Their molecular diameters are very large Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of the pressure gradient between the interstitial pressure and capillary pressure?

Results in a positive net absorption of water (back into the capillary) Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the venous end of the capillary due to the pressure gradient?

Causes net absorption of water into the interstitial space Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to fluid exchange at a capillary?

Transferring excess water from interstitial spaces to blood circulation Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of edema in vascularized tissues?

Blockage in the lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

How is elephantiasis caused?

Through blockage of lymphatic channels by parasitic round worms Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from inadequate drainage of lymph or when capillary filtration exceeds absorption?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

How does liver cirrhosis contribute to fluid excess and distended stomach?

By decreasing plasma protein concentration Signup and view all the answers

What happens when net filtration pressure has a positive value?

It indicates net absorption of water into the capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of an increase in interstitial proteins?

Increase in colloid osmotic pressure gradient. Signup and view all the answers