Physiology and Pharmacology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which physiological process is primarily associated with the elimination of carbon dioxide from the body?

  • Urination
  • Expiration (correct)
  • Defecation
  • Perspiration

A patient is prescribed tolterodine (Detrol). Which condition is this medication likely intended to treat?

  • Diarrhea
  • Urinary Retention
  • Fecal Impaction
  • Urinary Incontinence (correct)

A patient reports experiencing infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?

  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Fecal Incontinence
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Diarrhea

What bodily function is directly related to the kidneys in the process of elimination?

<p>Urination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications would be LEAST appropriate for a patient experiencing fecal incontinence?

<p>Oxybutynin (Ditropan) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient develops a urinary tract infection (UTI) after being admitted to the hospital. This type of infection is best described as:

<p>A nosocomial infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario represents an instance of infection, according to the definition:

<p>The multiplication of bacteria in the lungs, leading to pneumonia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with an infection caused by bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which type of infection does the patient likely have?

<p>An antibiotic-resistant infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter into a patient. What infection control measure MUST be implemented during this procedure?

<p>Setting up a sterile field. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed tetracycline for a skin infection. Which instruction is MOST important to include in the patient's education regarding this medication?

<p>Limit sun exposure due to increased risk of photosensitivity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports feeling unclean and uncomfortable. Which nursing intervention directly addresses the client's comfort need as defined in the content?

<p>Providing assistance with a bed bath. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to perform a bedmaking procedure for a client who is immobile. What is the most important reason for the nurse to perform hand hygiene prior to commencing this procedure?

<p>To prevent the spread of potential infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a client with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), which action best demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the relationship between hygiene and comfort?

<p>Providing ADL assistance while respecting the client's preferences and energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare worker is applying personal protective equipment (PPE) before attending to a patient. How does this action relate to the patient's comfort?

<p>It prevents potential infection, thus promoting physical and psychological comfort. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario demonstrates the most holistic approach to addressing a patient's comfort needs?

<p>Providing hygiene care, ensuring a clean environment, and addressing pain or discomfort. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. Which of the following actions demonstrates adherence to sterile field principles?

<p>Opening the outermost flap of the sterile kit away from the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient develops a urinary tract infection (UTI) during their hospital stay. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement to prevent the spread of this infection to other patients?

<p>Ensuring meticulous hand hygiene before and after patient contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. What specific precaution should the nurse implement in addition to standard precautions?

<p>Contact precautions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed an aminoglycoside antibiotic. The nurse should monitor the patient for which of the following adverse effects?

<p>Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient on tetracycline reports experiencing photosensitivity. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?

<p>Apply sunscreen with a high SPF and wear protective clothing when outdoors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Comfort

Measures meant to provide hygiene to a client

Hygiene

Practices that promote health and cleanliness

Bedmaking

A skill involved in maintaining a clean sleeping environment

Bathing/Assisting with ADLs

Supporting clients with personal hygiene activities

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Hand hygiene

Key practice for preventing infection through clean hands

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Infection

Presence and multiplication of a microorganism in a host, causing injury.

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Standard Precautions

Infection control practices to prevent transmission of infections in healthcare settings.

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Nosocomial Infections

Infections acquired in a hospital setting during patient care.

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Antibiotic-Resistant Infection

Infections caused by bacteria that are not affected by antibiotics, e.g., MRSA or C. Diff.

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Penicillin

An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, but some bacteria can produce enzymes to resist it.

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Elimination

The removal of waste from the body via skin, lungs, kidneys, and intestines.

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Urinary Incontinence

Inability to control urination, leading to involuntary leakage.

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Urinary Retention

Inability to completely empty the bladder, leading to discomfort.

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Fecal Incontinence

Inability to control bowel movements, resulting in leakage.

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Antispasmodics

Medications that relax bladder and intestinal muscles, alleviating spasms.

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Hospital Acquired Infections

Infections patients acquire during hospital stays that were not present at admission.

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Insertion of a Urinary Catheter

A medical skill involving placing a tube into the bladder to drain urine.

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Sterile Field

A designated area free from all microorganisms, crucial for surgical procedures.

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Types of Antibiotics

Different classes of antibiotics used to treat infections, such as penicillins and tetracyclines.

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