Physiology and Homeostasis Quiz

The purpose of studying physiology is to understand the functions of the human body and how various systems work together to maintain life.

The primary tissue types found in humans are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite changes in external conditions.

<p>The major component of the cell membrane is phospholipids, which possess hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A channel protein facilitates passive transport by forming pores that allow specific molecules to pass, while a carrier protein changes shape to transport substances across the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Na+-K+-ATPase transports sodium out of and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it loses water and may shrink due to osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of diffusion is determined by factors such as temperature, concentration gradient, and the size of the solute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural design enables physiological mechanisms to operate effectively in each organ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organs, System Level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organism level is made up of the 12 body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are the smallest units capable of performing life's processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue protects body organs and may also secrete substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle cells are specialized for contraction, while nerve cells are specialized for transmitting electrical impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical level involves atoms and molecules, like water and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organ is composed of two or more types of primary tissues that function together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The digestive system takes in food and eliminates unabsorbed food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total body water in a healthy adult is approximately 60% of body weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is an excellent solvent because it can dissolve many substances like Na+, K+, and Cl-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As age increases, total body water content decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue binds all the different types of tissues in an organ together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three openings are those for the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water has a high specific heat, making it difficult to boil or freeze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A healthy female adult has a body water content of about 50-55%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous tissue in the stomach controls muscle contraction and gland secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-polar molecules, lipid-soluble molecules, small polar covalent bonds, and water can easily diffuse through the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid solubility is the primary factor affecting the degree of diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large polar molecules and charged inorganic ions, such as glucose and Na+, are typically impermeable to the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion occurs directly through the membrane, while facilitated diffusion requires the aid of membrane proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration gradients drive the diffusion process, allowing substances to move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To suppress changes in the body and maintain homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prepares the body for anticipated changes before feedback occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They detect increased glucose levels and trigger insulin secretion to lower glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation is the process where cells specialize for specific functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an example of positive feedback, increasing contractions until delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas senses high glucose levels and secretes insulin to reduce glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shivering before entering cold water is an example of feed-forward control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it amplifies an initial change without requiring continuous adjustments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular specialization allows different cell types to perform unique functions essential for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and voluntary muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They protect body surfaces and secrete hormones and enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is composed of all 12 body systems working together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of groups of similar cells working together for a specific function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chest cavity protects the heart and lungs while facilitating breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They control involuntary movements in blood vessels and internal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical, cellular, tissue, organs, system, and organism levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial, smooth muscle, nervous, and connective tissues are involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To take in O2 and eliminate CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 80% of the body is fluid in a newborn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total body water content decreases with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water can dissolve many ions like Na+, K+, and Cl-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue binds various tissues together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate waste products from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs consist of various tissues that function together in body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary action helps in processes like tear production and breastfeeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach and intestines work together in the digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining cell integrity, controlling substance movement, regulating cell interactions, and serving as an interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a barrier between intracellular and extracellular environments, and its rupture leads to cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They synthesize proteins needed for cellular functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They phagocytize foreign materials, helping to protect the body from pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes performing chemical reactions that utilize nutrients and oxygen to produce energy and eliminate waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lose their ability to reproduce during early development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the membrane's ability to control which substances can enter or exit the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell membrane is composed of approximately 55% protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the cell membrane breaks, it can lead to cell death due to loss of cellular integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Co-transporters move glucose in the same direction as Na+ transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The typical resting potential of a neuron is approximately -70 mV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counter-transporters move one moiety, such as Na+, in one direction while moving another moiety in the opposite direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in resting potential influence the basic signaling properties of neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of higher water concentration to areas of lower water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a hypotonic solution, water enters the cell, causing it to swell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An isotonic solution has equal osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell, maintaining hydrostatic balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotonic NaCl solution is preferred because it prevents cells from swelling or shrinking while restoring blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The osmotic pressure in human cells is equivalent to that of a 0.9% NaCl solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the cellular level, osmosis can cause cells to either swell or shrink depending on the surrounding solution's osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances, such as water, to pass through while restricting others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis impacts tissues in the gastrointestinal tract by facilitating the movement of nutrients and water across epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the renal system, osmosis regulates water balance, influencing urine concentration and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers