Physiology and Cell Types Overview

<p>Epithelial Muscle Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It pumps potassium ions into the cell and sodium ions out of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage-gated Na+ channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin increases the speed of nerve conduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractions during childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium ions trigger the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They propagate along the entire length of an axon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withdrawal of hand from a hot stove (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The autonomic nervous system regulates functions such as heart rate and digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ligand-gated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control voluntary muscle movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare the body for 'fight-or-flight' response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To receive information from the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neurotransmitter that causes an increase in the likelihood of an action potential occurring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium-gated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport nutrients and remove waste products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is formed by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White matter is primarily composed of myelinated axons, while gray matter is primarily composed of neuron cell bodies and dendrites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect different neurons within the central nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium ions directly stimulate the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A neurotransmitter that can be both excitatory or inhibitory depending on receptor type.

Proteins that allow ions to pass through a membrane; includes leakage, voltage-gated, ligand-gated, and mechanically gated.

Increases the likelihood of action potential in postsynaptic neuron, leading to EPSP.

Decreases the likelihood of action potential in postsynaptic neuron, leading to IPSP.

Change in membrane potential that results from neurotransmitter binding, potentially leading to action potential.

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft after its action.

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information.

Protective mechanism that maintains a stable environment for the brain by preventing many substances from entering.

A neural pathway that controls a reflex action, automatically responding to stimuli without conscious brain involvement.

A neurotransmitter involved in reward and pleasure systems; can inhibit or excite neuron activity.

Part of the nervous system responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles.

Outer layer of the brain responsible for higher brain functions, including sensation, communication, and voluntary movement.

Includes motor areas (movement control), sensory areas (awareness of sensation), and association areas (information integration).

Includes frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes, and insula; each serves specific functions.

The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external changes.

A process that counteracts a change to return to a set point.

The voltage across the plasma membrane when the cell is at rest.

A rapid rise and fall in membrane potential, leading to nerve impulses.

Small changes in membrane potential that can lead to action potentials.

Cells that transmit signals for communication within the nervous system.

A mechanism that pumps sodium out and potassium into the cell to maintain resting potential.

Neurons with a fatty sheath that conducts impulses faster.

The junction where communication occurs between two neurons.

Synapses where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.

The parts of a neuron that detect stimuli.

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs.