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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the physiological stress response?
What is the primary purpose of the physiological stress response?
- To calm the body down
- To heighten senses and increase focus (correct)
- To slow down heart rate and blood pressure
- To decrease glucose levels in the bloodstream
What is the role of Adrenaline in the Fight or Flight response?
What is the role of Adrenaline in the Fight or Flight response?
- Heightens all senses (correct)
- Stores energy in the body
- Reduces blood sugar levels
- Decreases heart rate and blood pressure
Which term describes a condition where the body changes to promote a stress response?
Which term describes a condition where the body changes to promote a stress response?
- General Adaptation Syndrome
- Alarm Reaction (correct)
- Stress tremors
- Perception of stress
How does the body prepare for emergency situations under stress?
How does the body prepare for emergency situations under stress?
What characterizes the General Adaptation Syndrome in response to long-term stressors?
What characterizes the General Adaptation Syndrome in response to long-term stressors?
Why is the body not well-suited to handle modern society's non-physical stressors?
Why is the body not well-suited to handle modern society's non-physical stressors?
What stage is characterized by the disappearance of bodily signs from the alarm reaction and a resistance that rises above normal?
What stage is characterized by the disappearance of bodily signs from the alarm reaction and a resistance that rises above normal?
Which physiological system is responsible for responses associated with the fight-or-flight response?
Which physiological system is responsible for responses associated with the fight-or-flight response?
What occurs in the hyperadaptosis stage if exposure to stress is prolonged?
What occurs in the hyperadaptosis stage if exposure to stress is prolonged?
Which neurotransmitters are released by the sympathetic nervous system during the stress response?
Which neurotransmitters are released by the sympathetic nervous system during the stress response?
What happens when signs of the alarm reaction reappear in the Stage of Exhaustion?
What happens when signs of the alarm reaction reappear in the Stage of Exhaustion?
Which stage is characterized by long-continued exposure to the same stressor and exhaustion of adaptation energy?
Which stage is characterized by long-continued exposure to the same stressor and exhaustion of adaptation energy?
What is the primary function of the endocrine system described in the text?
What is the primary function of the endocrine system described in the text?
Which hormone is responsible for helping the body react to a chronic stressor as described in the text?
Which hormone is responsible for helping the body react to a chronic stressor as described in the text?
What is the role of cortisol in maintaining normal blood sugar levels?
What is the role of cortisol in maintaining normal blood sugar levels?
Which component of the endocrine system is responsible for the immediate effects of stress known as 'fight or flight' response?
Which component of the endocrine system is responsible for the immediate effects of stress known as 'fight or flight' response?
What is the impact of cortisol on the immune system as described in the text?
What is the impact of cortisol on the immune system as described in the text?
Which gland of the endocrine system is responsible for releasing cortisol?
Which gland of the endocrine system is responsible for releasing cortisol?
What is the primary function of cortisol in facilitating energy production?
What is the primary function of cortisol in facilitating energy production?
Which hormone is responsible for affecting various metabolic processes under prolonged stress as described in the text?
Which hormone is responsible for affecting various metabolic processes under prolonged stress as described in the text?
Cortisol is the primary hormone involved in the fight or flight response according to the text.
Cortisol is the primary hormone involved in the fight or flight response according to the text.
The HPA axis includes the Hypothalamus, Adrenal, and Thyroid glands.
The HPA axis includes the Hypothalamus, Adrenal, and Thyroid glands.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the adrenal medulla during prolonged stress.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the adrenal medulla during prolonged stress.
Cortisol has a negative impact on memory capability according to the text.
Cortisol has a negative impact on memory capability according to the text.
The immune system is enhanced by cortisol under prolonged stress.
The immune system is enhanced by cortisol under prolonged stress.
Match the following hormones with their primary functions in response to chronic stress:
Match the following hormones with their primary functions in response to chronic stress:
Match the following components of the endocrine system with their respective roles in the stress response:
Match the following components of the endocrine system with their respective roles in the stress response:
Match the following stages with their associated effects during the stress response:
Match the following stages with their associated effects during the stress response:
Match the following functions with the effects of cortisol on the body:
Match the following functions with the effects of cortisol on the body:
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to the stress response:
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to the stress response:
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Study Notes
Stress Response Overview
- Stress triggers both psychological and physiological responses, influenced by individual appraisal of events.
- Physiological stress responses occur when events are perceived as stressful; otherwise, no stress response is triggered.
- Perception of stress can amplify feelings of stress.
Fight or Flight Response
- Activated when facing threats, prompting the body to either flee or confront danger.
- Adrenaline release enhances focus and sensory perception, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
- Energy is mobilized through glucose release into the bloodstream, providing an energy burst for emergency situations.
- ATP is generated from burning glucose or fat.
Short-term vs Long-term Stress
- Short-term Stressors: Immediate response to perceived threats causing physical changes in the body; designed for tangible threats but not modern non-physical stressors.
- Stress tremors can occur, presenting as trembling during stress events.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Alarm Reaction: Initial response to stress characterized by fight or flight changes; resistance diminishes with strong or prolonged stressors.
- Stage of Resistance: If stress persists, the body adapts to stress, temporarily increasing resistance. Prolonged exposure can lead to hyperadaptosis, damaging health.
- Stage of Exhaustion: Following prolonged stress, adaptation energy depletes, and signs of the alarm reaction reappear as irreversible. Symptoms may include adrenal failure and burnout; adequate sleep is crucial for recovery.
Physiological Systems in Stress Response
- Nervous System:
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Initiates fight or flight response through catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) released from the kidneys; stimulates liver glucose release.
- Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): Responsible for relaxation and energy conservation; maintains homeostasis through acetylcholine release, countering SNS effects.
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulates vital functions such as circulation, digestion, respiration, and temperature.
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