Physiological Responses to Stress and Posture Changes

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What hormones are produced in response to mental and physical stresses?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and catecholamines

What effect does changing from a supine to an upright position have on plasma volume and protein concentration?

It reduces plasma volume and increases protein concentration.

What is the term for the increase in concentration of proteins in the blood, particularly albumin, when changing from a lying to a standing position?

Hemoconcentration

What is the main function of albumin in the blood?

It helps keep the plasma or water inside the blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage variation in total and HDL cholesterol results can be expected when changing from a lying to a standing position?

Up to 15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of hemoglobin present in newborns?

Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of exercise on serum gonadotropins and sex steroids in long-distance athletes?

Decreased Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to wait 5-30 minutes before collecting blood after a patient suddenly stands or sits from a supine position?

To allow for stabilization of hormone levels, such as plasma renin activity, which is affected by changes in position. Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond to an imbalance in electrolyte levels, and what hormone is involved in this process?

The body responds to an imbalance in electrolyte levels by releasing aldosterone, which is excreted by the adrenal glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of diurnal variation on iron levels in the body?

Iron levels decrease during the day due to diurnal variation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between uric acid and gout?

Uric acid crystallizes at the joints in low temperatures, which can contribute to the development of gout. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of fasting before a blood test?

8-10 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a liver that has been damaged due to chronic alcohol consumption and excessive medication?

Fatty liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of carcinoma that occurs in the end stage of liver damage?

Hepatic Carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

How can emotional stress affect the results of lab tests, specifically with regards to WBCs?

Emotional stress can cause transient elevations in WBCs, leading to inaccuracy of lab tests. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus that can cause Hepatitis?

Hepatitis Virus (A, B, C, or D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a damaged liver that heals itself, but does not return to its original state?

Fatty liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stress and WBCs?

Build-up stress can cause elevation of WBCs, leading to inaccuracy of lab tests. Signup and view all the answers