Physiological Impact of Exercise on Aging

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which regular exercise induces positive physiological changes in the body?

Increased oxidative stress

Increased chronic inflammation

Transient physiological stressors that stimulate adaptational responses (correct)

Direct modification of DNA structure

Which of the following is a result of exercise on the integumentary system?

Increased release of interleukin-15 (correct)

Impaired cell proliferation

Decreased AMP-activated protein kinase

Reduced collagen synthesis

What is the primary effect of a single bout of exercise on the immune system?

Increased anti-pathogen activity and anti-oxidation (correct)

Increased inflammation and oxidative stress

Decreased leukocyte production and anti-pathogen activity

No significant effect on immune function

Which of the following is a result of exercise on neuroendocrine function?

Increased testosterone and DHEA levels, and increased insulin sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which exercise improves metabolic function?

Increased release of AMPK, facilitating glut4 translocation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Physical Health screening in geriatric care?

Capturing multiple factors that can create issues as we age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of exercise on renal function in older adults?

Reduced risk of chronic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of exercise on gastrointestinal function?

Increased gut microbiota diversity, and improved digestion, immunity, and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the 4AT screening tool in geriatric care?

To assess cognitive health and identify delirium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of exercise on postural control in older adults?

Greatest discrepancy in postural sway during conditions with no vision and unstable surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the score range for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)?

0-12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of dual tasking on gait performance in older adults?

Decreased gait velocity and increased step width, particularly in fallers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Rapid Geriatric Assessment?

To identify undiagnosed conditions and guide targeted assessment and treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using gait velocity as a vital sign in older adults?

It increases the likelihood of capturing functional capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensitivity of the Geriatric Depression Scale?

89% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Cognitive Health screening in geriatric care?

Orientation, alertness, and mental health Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MoCA screening tool?

To conduct a more intensive and thorough assessment of cognitive health Signup and view all the answers

What is the score range for the 4AT screening tool?

1-4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)?

It predicts the risk of future disability Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rapid Geriatric Assessment mobile app?

To identify undiagnosed conditions and guide targeted assessment and treatment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exercise and Physiological Aging

Exercise has a clear microscopic impact on DNA, cellular function, structure, and communication, and significantly affects aging effects in the body.
Acute exercise acts as an aging stimulus, producing instances that mimic age-related dysfunction, but regular exercise can bring transient physiological stressors to induce positive changes.
Decreases chronic physiological changes with age, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscle physiology.

Impact of Exercise on Skin

Exercise improves skin structure and increases AMP-activated protein kinase, facilitating the release of interleukin-15, which improves tissue health.

Impact of Exercise on Immunity

A single bout of exercise has positive effects, increasing leukocytes, white blood cells, and anti-pathogen activity, while chronic exercise decreases inflammation and oxidative stressors, leading to enhanced immune surveillance and competence.

Impact of Exercise on Neuroendocrine Function

Exercise increases testosterone and DHEA levels, and insulin growth factor, while also increasing insulin sensitivity in high-intensity training.

Impact of Exercise on Metabolic Function

Exercise decreases resistance to insulin in the periphery, increases metabolism of glucose and fatty acids, and decreases blood sugar levels, making it ideal for managing type 2 diabetes.

Impact of Exercise on Menopause

Exercise counters the effects of decreased estrogen, activates the cycle, leading to increased endothelial cell nitric oxide synthesis, and plaque reversal and arterial remodeling.

Impact of Exercise on Renal Function

Exercise reduces age-related decline in glomerular filtration rates and may prevent chronic kidney disease.

Impact of Exercise on Gastrointestinal Function

Exercise increases the variety of gut microbiota, leading to increased bacterial diversity, and produces short-chain fatty acids, improving digestion, immunity, metabolism, and cardiovascular function.

Impact of Exercise on Upright Mobility

Changes in motor control with aging affect somatosensory, musculoskeletal, and neurological systems, leading to deterioration in activation, initiation, and coordination.

Anticipated Changes in Gait Pattern

Decreased gait velocity, shortened step length, increased step width, and double stance time are anticipated changes in gait pattern with aging.

Impact of Dual Tasking

Dual tasking has a significant impact on gait velocity and swing time variability, especially in older adults with a history of falls.

Geriatric Screening

Geriatric screening consists of four areas of health: physical, functional movement, cognitive, and psychosocial.
The 4AT screening tool is useful for assessing cognitive health and identifying possible impairment or delirium.

Primary Care Screening

Primary care screening for aging populations is essential for gathering information to guide targeted assessment and treatment.
The Rapid Geriatric Assessment is a useful tool for identifying undiagnosed conditions and setting the stage for education, intervention, and prevention.

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Description

This quiz explores the effects of exercise on physiological aging, including its impact on cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscle physiology, as well as the acute and recovery phases of exercise.