17 Questions
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to renal regulation of pH:
Buffering mechanisms = Acute response to prevent drastic pH changes Compensatory response = Chronic response to restore pH balance Carbonic anhydrase = Enzyme involved in HCO3 reabsorption Renal tubular acidosis = Failure to excrete acid
Match the following causes with their corresponding types of metabolic acidosis:
Ingestion of acid = Methanol poisoning Generation of organic acid = Lactic acidosis Loss of HCO3 in stool = Diarrhea Failure to excrete acid = Renal tubular acidosis
Match the following physiological buffers with their primary location:
HCO3- = Extracellular fluid Haemoglobin = Blood Bone = Intracellular and urinary Proteins = Intracellular
Match the following with their roles in respiratory acidosis compensation:
Kidneys = Retain HCO3 and excrete H+ Protein buffers = Acute response to buffer H+ Lungs = Increase ventilation to reduce pCO2 Liver = No direct role in respiratory acidosis compensation
Match the following mechanisms with their role in managing acid-base disturbances:
Buffering = Neutralizing H+ or OH- Ventilation = Regulating PaCO2 Renal handling = Excreting or retaining H+ and HCO3- PO4 = Intracellular and urinary buffering
Match the following with their systemic effects of acid-base imbalance:
Respiratory acidosis = Increases ventilation rate Metabolic acidosis = Increases K+ excretion Acid-base imbalance = Affects cellular metabolism and function Buffering mechanisms = Prevents drastic pH changes
Match the following acid-base disturbances with their primary cause:
Metabolic acidosis = Excess H+ from cellular metabolism Respiratory acidosis = Retention of CO2 due to respiratory failure Respiratory alkalosis = Hyperventilation leading to low CO2 levels Metabolic alkalosis = Excess HCO3- from gastrointestinal or renal sources
Match the following buffering mechanisms with their actions:
Protein buffers = Acute response to buffer H+ Bicarbonate buffers = Chronic response to restore pH balance Phosphate buffers = Found in urine and helps in acid-base balance Hemoglobin buffers = Found in red blood cells and helps in buffering
Match the following with their effects on pH balance:
Increased ammonium excretion = Compensates for respiratory acidosis Increased HCO3 reabsorption = Compensates for metabolic acidosis Increased H+ excretion = Compensates for respiratory acidosis Increased CO2 excretion = Compensates for respiratory acidosis
Match the following physiological effects with their response to acid-base imbalance:
Systemic compensation = Correcting pH imbalance through respiratory and renal mechanisms Intracellular buffering = Neutralizing H+ through proteins and bone Volatile acid buffering = Regulating CO2 levels through ventilation Extracellular buffering = Neutralizing H+ through HCO3- and PO4
Match the following respiratory responses with their effect on acid-base balance:
Hyperventilation = Respiratory alkalosis Hypoventilation = Respiratory acidosis Compensatory exhalation = Reducing CO2 levels to correct acidosis Compensatory inhalation = Increasing CO2 levels to correct alkalosis
Match the following renal mechanisms with their role in regulating pH:
Reabsorption of HCO3- = Conserving bicarbonate to correct acidosis Excretion of H+ = Eliminating excess hydrogen ions to correct acidosis Excretion of NH4+ = Eliminating excess hydrogen ions to correct acidosis Reabsorption of PO4 = Conserving phosphate to correct acidosis
Match the following mechanisms with their role in managing acid-base disturbances:
Buffering = Consumes excess H+ or OH- Ventilation = Increases CO2 removal from the body Renal handling of HCO3 and H+ = Regulates H+ and HCO3 levels in the blood Henderson-Hasselbach Equation = Describes the process of acid-base buffering
Match the following conditions with their likely causes of acid-base imbalance:
Respiratory acidosis = pCO2 high Metabolic acidosis = Bicarbonate low Respiratory alkalosis = pCO2 low Metabolic alkalosis = H+ high
Match the following systems with their responses to acid-base disturbances:
Respiratory system = Increases ventilation to remove excess CO2 Renal system = Regulates H+ and HCO3 levels in the blood Buffering system = Consumes excess H+ or OH- Cardiovascular system = Increases blood pressure to compensate for acid-base imbalance
Match the following effects with their corresponding acid-base imbalances:
Fatigue and weakness = Metabolic acidosis Confusion and disorientation = Respiratory acidosis Rapid breathing = Respiratory alkalosis Seizures and muscle twitching = Metabolic alkalosis
Match the following buffering mechanisms with their descriptions:
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation = Describes the reaction of CO2 and H2O to form HCO3 and H+ Bicarbonate buffering = Consumes excess H+ or OH- Phosphate buffering = Buffers excess H+ in the kidneys Protein buffering = Buffers excess H+ in the blood
This quiz covers the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation and its application to the CO2-HCO3 physiological buffering system, including pH calculations and the regulation of CO2 levels.
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