Physiological Adaptations Through the Life Course

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What is the primary focus of Theme 3.1.1 in this course?

Analyzing the transition from the intra-uterine to extra-uterine environment

Discussing the regulation of human growth and development

Exploring the critical physiological milestones, factors and adaptations involved in the human life span from the intra-uterine period to old age (correct)

Studying the changes that occur during puberty and adolescence

Which of the following learning activities is NOT mentioned in the text?

Lecture on the biological aging process (correct)

Lecture on the regulation of human growth and development

Lecture on the intra-uterine to extra-uterine transition (Part 1 and Part 2)

Lecture on puberty and adolescence

What is the primary learning method mentioned in the text for this theme?

Lectures (correct)

Textbook readings

Group discussions

Online modules

Which of the following is NOT a specific focus area of Theme 3.1.1?

Cognitive aging Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the study guide mentioned in the text?

To facilitate the learning process for the theme Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the PowerPoint lecture slides and articles mentioned in the text?

To provide additional context and examples to supplement the lectures Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'metatastic ageing' refer to?

The acceleration of ageing in one tissue due to ageing in other tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Big 9' molecular and cellular hallmarks of biological ageing?

Stem cell rejuvenation Signup and view all the answers

How are the molecular and cellular hallmarks of normal ageing influenced?

By genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What drives the multifactorial processes underlying biological ageing in humans?

Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark of biological ageing involves the deregulation of sensing nutrients?

Deregulated nutrient sensing Signup and view all the answers

What is cellular senescence in the context of biological ageing?

Permanent cell cycle arrest Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the human lifespan does the activation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis become vital to the completion of growth?

Puberty Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of human growth is mainly dependent upon nutrition?

Infancy Signup and view all the answers

What factors are most important in childhood for human growth and development?

GH-IGF-I axis and thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which factors predominantly control growth during the fetal phase?

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does puberty generally occur in humans?

12 years to 19-24 years Signup and view all the answers

When does human growth start as per the text provided?

At conception Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure in the elderly?

Increased afterload and increased LV end-diastolic volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes in the cardiovascular system is NOT associated with aging?

Increased $eta$-adrenergic receptor responsiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lung function changes is NOT associated with aging?

Increased functional residual capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of increased prevalence of aortic stenosis in the elderly?

Increased aortic valve fibrosis and calcification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes in the pulmonary system is NOT associated with aging?

Increased diffusion capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the decline in maximum aerobic capacity (O2 max) with age?

Decreased lung function Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cellular senescence?

Stable cell cycle arrest Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the accumulation of senescent cells?

Impaired ability to replace senescent cells Signup and view all the answers

How are stem cells affected by senescence?

Their proliferation becomes less efficient Signup and view all the answers

What do senescent cells adopt that causes low-level chronic inflammation?

A secretory profile Signup and view all the answers

What molecules are released by senescent cells that spread systemically?

Pro-senescent signaling molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the spread of pro-senescent signaling molecules throughout the body?

Senescence messaging system Signup and view all the answers

Physiological Adaptations Through the Life Course - Learning Activities

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