Physiological Adaptations Through the Life Course - Learning Activities
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What is the primary focus of Theme 3.1.1 in this course?

  • Analyzing the transition from the intra-uterine to extra-uterine environment
  • Discussing the regulation of human growth and development
  • Exploring the critical physiological milestones, factors and adaptations involved in the human life span from the intra-uterine period to old age (correct)
  • Studying the changes that occur during puberty and adolescence

    • Which of the following learning activities is NOT mentioned in the text?

  • Lecture on the biological aging process (correct)
  • Lecture on the regulation of human growth and development
  • Lecture on the intra-uterine to extra-uterine transition (Part 1 and Part 2)
  • Lecture on puberty and adolescence

    • What is the primary learning method mentioned in the text for this theme?

  • Lectures (correct)
  • Textbook readings
  • Group discussions
  • Online modules

    • Which of the following is NOT a specific focus area of Theme 3.1.1?

    <p>Cognitive aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the study guide mentioned in the text?

    <p>To facilitate the learning process for the theme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the PowerPoint lecture slides and articles mentioned in the text?

    <p>To provide additional context and examples to supplement the lectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'metatastic ageing' refer to?

    <p>The acceleration of ageing in one tissue due to ageing in other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Big 9' molecular and cellular hallmarks of biological ageing?

    <p>Stem cell rejuvenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the molecular and cellular hallmarks of normal ageing influenced?

    <p>By genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the multifactorial processes underlying biological ageing in humans?

    <p>Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of biological ageing involves the deregulation of sensing nutrients?

    <p>Deregulated nutrient sensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellular senescence in the context of biological ageing?

    <p>Permanent cell cycle arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the human lifespan does the activation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis become vital to the completion of growth?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of human growth is mainly dependent upon nutrition?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are most important in childhood for human growth and development?

    <p>GH-IGF-I axis and thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors predominantly control growth during the fetal phase?

    <p>Insulin and insulin-like growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range does puberty generally occur in humans?

    <p>12 years to 19-24 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does human growth start as per the text provided?

    <p>At conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure in the elderly?

    <p>Increased afterload and increased LV end-diastolic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes in the cardiovascular system is NOT associated with aging?

    <p>Increased $eta$-adrenergic receptor responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lung function changes is NOT associated with aging?

    <p>Increased functional residual capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of increased prevalence of aortic stenosis in the elderly?

    <p>Increased aortic valve fibrosis and calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes in the pulmonary system is NOT associated with aging?

    <p>Increased diffusion capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the decline in maximum aerobic capacity (O2 max) with age?

    <p>Decreased lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cellular senescence?

    <p>Stable cell cycle arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the accumulation of senescent cells?

    <p>Impaired ability to replace senescent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are stem cells affected by senescence?

    <p>Their proliferation becomes less efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do senescent cells adopt that causes low-level chronic inflammation?

    <p>A secretory profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecules are released by senescent cells that spread systemically?

    <p>Pro-senescent signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the spread of pro-senescent signaling molecules throughout the body?

    <p>Senescence messaging system</p> Signup and view all the answers

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