Physiologic & Psychosocial Adaptation during Pregnancy

<p>5-10 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support and nourish the fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases to 20 times its size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases from 8mm to 25mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascends into the abdomen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood flow to the kidneys (C), Relaxation of smooth muscle due to progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second trimester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevate the legs while resting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intake of caffeinated beverages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cramps in legs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In case of severe constipation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kegel exercises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaxation of the cardiac sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High consumption of fiber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consume small and frequent meals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time of discomfort after eating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8-12 cups of fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming spicy food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engage in regular physical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sit or walk for 1-2 hours after eating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shifting of center of gravity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A few months after delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain correct posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing high-heeled shoes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commonly presents after delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loosens ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-administering analgesics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-heeled shoes with good arch support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping good postures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic tilt exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stretching the calf muscles regularly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an increase in vaginal discharge that is clear or white. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postural changes leading to backache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifting heavy objects to strengthen muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drink adequate fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased lung capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consult a healthcare professional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty walking or performing daily activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing cotton underwear can help prevention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased anxiety and concerns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Significant bodily changes during pregnancy, impacting various organ systems, primarily driven by hormonal shifts, fetal growth, and maternal adaptation.

The uterus increases significantly in size, weight and capacity during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid.

The blood supply to the uterus greatly increases during pregnancy to support the growing fetus and other pregnancy-related changes.

The shape of the uterus changes from a pear shape to an ovoid shape during pregnancy.

The thickness of the uterine wall changes during pregnancy, increasing to support the growing fetus.

Slight decrease in the first two trimesters, gradually increasing to pre-pregnancy levels by term. Caused by peripheral vasodilation from progesterone.

Increased plasma volume (40-50%) during pregnancy but red blood cell volume increases less (20-30%). This causes lower hemoglobin and hematocrit (mild anemia).

Lying on back during pregnancy can reduce blood flow (up to 80%) due to weight of uterus pressing on major blood vessels.

Slight increase in white blood cells (especially neutrophils) during pregnancy.

Slight decrease in platelets, but increased fibrin, plasma fibrinogen, and other clotting factors during pregnancy.

Regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest.

Increased progesterone relaxes the esophageal sphincter and slows stomach emptying.

Pregnancy progress (enlarged uterus pushing on stomach) and diet/stress.

Small, frequent meals, avoid large/late meals, fatty/spicy/caffeinated foods, and lying down after eating.

Difficulty passing stool due to changes in intestinal muscle tone.

Progesterone lowers colon muscle tone, and estrogen increases water absorption in the intestines.

Drink plenty of fluids (water, milk, juice, soup), especially warm or hot fluids, to soften stools.

Increase dietary fiber intake (e.g., whole grains, fruits, vegetables) to promote better bowel movements.

Increased urination during pregnancy is common, primarily due to increased blood flow to the kidneys and the relaxation effect of progesterone on the bladder muscles. This is most noticeable in the 1st and 3rd trimesters.

The growing uterus can directly compress the bladder, leading to increased urinary frequency and urgency in the first trimester.

Urinary frequency often improves in the 2nd trimester as the uterus rises out of the pelvis.

Urinary frequency can return in the 3rd trimester as the baby's head descends into the pelvis and again presses on the bladder.

Reassuring the mother about the temporary nature of the symptom is important. Regularly assessing for urinary tract infection and gestational diabetes is crucial.

Reducing fluid intake a few hours before bedtime, limiting caffeine, and performing Kegel exercises can help improve urinary control.

Ankle swelling is common during pregnancy (around 80%), primarily due to hormonal changes and increased water retention.

Reassurance is essential, as ankle swelling is usually a normal pregnancy symptom. It's crucial to watch for generalized edema and rule out potential complications.

Backache in pregnancy is common, especially in the second and third trimesters. It's caused by shifting weight due to the growing uterus, increased joint laxity from hormones like progesterone and relaxin, poor posture, and pre-existing back pain conditions.

To manage backache, maintaining correct posture, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, using supportive pillows, practicing back stretches and pelvic tilts, wearing comfortable shoes, and using proper lifting techniques are key. Warm compresses can help with pain. Consult a professional if necessary.

An abdominal girdle is a supportive garment worn during pregnancy. It helps to alleviate back pain by providing additional support to the abdomen and lower back.

Pelvic tilt exercises strengthen the muscles that support the back and pelvis, helping to alleviate back pain and improve posture.

Pelvic girdle pain is pain in the joints of the pelvis, particularly the sacroiliac and pubic joints. This pain is often experienced in late pregnancy and may persist after delivery.

Pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy is caused by hormonal changes, primarily the relaxin hormone. Relaxin loosens the ligaments in the pelvis, making the joints more flexible but prone to pain.

Managing pelvic girdle pain involves maintaining good posture, avoiding movements that increase pain in the pelvis and pubic joints, and seeking professional guidance for pain relief.

Pelvic girdle pain often starts in the later stages of pregnancy and may continue even after delivery. This is due to the lingering effects of hormone changes and the stresses on the pelvic joints.

Minor discomforts like backache and pelvic girdle pain are normal during pregnancy and are often resolved after delivery.

If you experience severe pain, seek professional advice from a healthcare provider. They can assess the cause and suggest appropriate management strategies.

Painful muscle spasms in the legs, often occurring at rest or during sleep.

Leg cramps can be caused by muscle tightness, low calcium or potassium levels, dehydration, and stress.

Strategies to relieve leg cramps include stretching calf muscles, regular exercise, using pillows for support, gentle massage, and staying hydrated.

Increased vaginal discharge, usually clear or white and not foul-smelling, common during pregnancy.

Hormonal changes during pregnancy, specifically increased estrogen levels, lead to increased vaginal mucus production and acidity, predisposing women to vaginal candidiasis.

Reassurance that it's a normal pregnancy change, but assessment for infection is important. Advice includes keeping the area clean and dry, avoiding douching and tampons, wearing breathable cotton underwear, and consulting a doctor if the discharge is smelly or has blood.

Increased progesterone levels relax the esophageal sphincter, and slower stomach emptying due to pregnancy hormones contribute to heartburn.

Strategies include eating small, frequent meals, avoiding large or spicy foods, staying hydrated, and avoiding lying down right after eating.