Pregnancy Adaptations

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the dietary adaptations needed during pregnancy?

  • To maintain existing weight
  • To eliminate certain food groups
  • To meet increased metabolic demands (correct)
  • To reduce caloric intake

Which of the following weight gain recommendations is appropriate for women carrying twins during pregnancy?

  • 25-30 lbs
  • 50 lbs
  • 35-40 lbs (correct)
  • 15 lbs

What is the average amount of weight gain recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy?

  • 5-7 lbs
  • 1-2 lbs
  • 2-4 lbs (correct)
  • 8-10 lbs

Which components are primarily provided by the food a pregnant woman consumes?

<p>Nourishment to support fetal growth and development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended increase in protein intake for pregnant women?

<p>25g/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is specifically useful for fetal development of bones and teeth?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should never be encouraged during pregnancy in relation to weight gain?

<p>Weight reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food is considered a source of incomplete protein?

<p>Legumes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes occur during pregnancy related to metabolism?

<p>Increased blood volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for dietary adaptations during pregnancy?

<p>To meet increased metabolic demands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important role of protein during pregnancy?

<p>Building blocks for fetal tissue growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors determines the weight gain goals during pregnancy?

<p>Mother's pre-pregnancy nutritional status and BMI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food is considered a complete protein source?

<p>Eggs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weekly weight gain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?

<p>1 lb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes physiologic synergism during pregnancy?

<p>Collaboration between mother, fetus, and placenta to support new life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of complex carbohydrates during pregnancy?

<p>Sustained energy for increased metabolic workload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might calcium supplements be needed during pregnancy?

<p>To support fetal bone and teeth development if dietary intake is insufficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of encouraging weight reduction during pregnancy?

<p>Increased risk for fetal growth restriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pregnancy metabolic demands

The increased energy needs of both the mother and the developing fetus during pregnancy.

Pregnancy weight gain guidelines

Weight gain recommendations during pregnancy are based on pre-pregnancy nutrition and BMI.

Protein needs in pregnancy

Protein requirements increase by 25g/day during pregnancy for fetal growth, tissue development, and maternal needs.

First trimester weight gain

The average weight gain during the first trimester is 2-4 pounds.

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Complete protein sources

Foods that provide all essential amino acids for the body, including milk, eggs, cheese, soy, and meat.

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Calcium's role in pregnancy

Calcium is crucial for the proper development of fetal bones and teeth during pregnancy.

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Weight gain during 2nd/3rd trimester

A weekly weight gain of about 1 pound is typical for the second and third trimesters.

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Pregnancy nutrition

The essential nourishment that a fetus receives from a mother's healthy diet, supporting fetal growth, development, and overall health, and meeting increased metabolic demands of mother and child.

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Pregnancy & Systems

Pregnancy significantly impacts cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems to accommodate the growing fetus and increased metabolic needs.

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Prenancy Weight Gain

Weight gain during pregnancy is crucial, it supports fetal growth and development, and varies based on pre-pregnancy BMI and nutritional status.

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Second & Third Trimester Weight Gain

The recommended weekly weight gain during the second and third trimesters is about 1 pound.

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Physiological Synergism

This refers to the coordinated effort of the mother, fetus, and placenta to sustain and nurture new life, working together seamlessly.

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Study Notes

Pregnancy Adaptations

  • Pregnancy significantly alters the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal (GI) systems.
  • Increased metabolic demands require dietary and other adaptations.
  • Blood volume, heart rate, renal function, metabolism, and respiratory function all change during pregnancy.
  • Maternal nutrition provides the nourishment needed for fetal growth and development.
  • Physiological synergy involves collaboration between the mother, fetus, and placenta to support life.
  • Weight gain during pregnancy depends on pre-pregnancy nutritional status and BMI.
  • Underweight (BMI < 18.5) women need approximately 15 lbs.
  • Teenage pregnancies require 35-40 lbs.
  • Twin pregnancies need 35-40 lbs.
  • Triplet pregnancies need approximately 50 lbs.
  • Weight reduction during pregnancy is discouraged.
  • Average first-trimester weight gain is 2-4 pounds.
  • Subsequent trimester weight gain averages 1 lb per week.
  • Energy from food fuels increased metabolic needs for mother and fetus, and supports tissue building.
  • Complex carbohydrates, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and protein are preferred energy sources.

Protein Needs During Pregnancy

  • Protein is crucial for fetal and placental development, maternal tissue growth, and increased blood volume.
  • Amniotic fluid creation also uses protein.
  • Protein requirements increase by 25g/day or 50% more compared to a non-pregnant woman's needs.
  • Protein-rich foods (milk, eggs, cheese, soy, meat) are complete protein sources.
  • Incomplete protein sources include legumes and grains, which can be part of a balanced diet.

Mineral and Vitamin Needs During Pregnancy

  • Calcium is vital for fetal bone and tooth development.
  • Calcium supplements might be necessary if maternal stores are low or pregnancy involves more than one fetus.
  • Iron supports hemoglobin synthesis and fetal iron stores.
  • Iron supplementation is recommended, taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, with water or orange juice.
  • Iron deficiency can lead to preterm delivery and low birth weight.
  • A common side effect of iron supplements is black stools.
  • Dietary iron is preferable as it has better bioavailability than supplemental iron.
  • Vitamins A and C are needed for tissue growth.
  • Vitamin B is necessary for various metabolic processes.

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