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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the dietary adaptations needed during pregnancy?
What is the purpose of the dietary adaptations needed during pregnancy?
- To maintain existing weight
- To eliminate certain food groups
- To meet increased metabolic demands (correct)
- To reduce caloric intake
Which of the following weight gain recommendations is appropriate for women carrying twins during pregnancy?
Which of the following weight gain recommendations is appropriate for women carrying twins during pregnancy?
- 25-30 lbs
- 50 lbs
- 35-40 lbs (correct)
- 15 lbs
What is the average amount of weight gain recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy?
What is the average amount of weight gain recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy?
- 5-7 lbs
- 1-2 lbs
- 2-4 lbs (correct)
- 8-10 lbs
Which components are primarily provided by the food a pregnant woman consumes?
Which components are primarily provided by the food a pregnant woman consumes?
What is the recommended increase in protein intake for pregnant women?
What is the recommended increase in protein intake for pregnant women?
Which vitamin is specifically useful for fetal development of bones and teeth?
Which vitamin is specifically useful for fetal development of bones and teeth?
What should never be encouraged during pregnancy in relation to weight gain?
What should never be encouraged during pregnancy in relation to weight gain?
Which food is considered a source of incomplete protein?
Which food is considered a source of incomplete protein?
What physiological changes occur during pregnancy related to metabolism?
What physiological changes occur during pregnancy related to metabolism?
What is the primary reason for dietary adaptations during pregnancy?
What is the primary reason for dietary adaptations during pregnancy?
What is an important role of protein during pregnancy?
What is an important role of protein during pregnancy?
Which of the following factors determines the weight gain goals during pregnancy?
Which of the following factors determines the weight gain goals during pregnancy?
Which food is considered a complete protein source?
Which food is considered a complete protein source?
What is the average weekly weight gain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?
What is the average weekly weight gain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?
Which statement best describes physiologic synergism during pregnancy?
Which statement best describes physiologic synergism during pregnancy?
What is the main benefit of complex carbohydrates during pregnancy?
What is the main benefit of complex carbohydrates during pregnancy?
Why might calcium supplements be needed during pregnancy?
Why might calcium supplements be needed during pregnancy?
What are the consequences of encouraging weight reduction during pregnancy?
What are the consequences of encouraging weight reduction during pregnancy?
Flashcards
Pregnancy metabolic demands
Pregnancy metabolic demands
The increased energy needs of both the mother and the developing fetus during pregnancy.
Pregnancy weight gain guidelines
Pregnancy weight gain guidelines
Weight gain recommendations during pregnancy are based on pre-pregnancy nutrition and BMI.
Protein needs in pregnancy
Protein needs in pregnancy
Protein requirements increase by 25g/day during pregnancy for fetal growth, tissue development, and maternal needs.
First trimester weight gain
First trimester weight gain
The average weight gain during the first trimester is 2-4 pounds.
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Complete protein sources
Complete protein sources
Foods that provide all essential amino acids for the body, including milk, eggs, cheese, soy, and meat.
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Calcium's role in pregnancy
Calcium's role in pregnancy
Calcium is crucial for the proper development of fetal bones and teeth during pregnancy.
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Weight gain during 2nd/3rd trimester
Weight gain during 2nd/3rd trimester
A weekly weight gain of about 1 pound is typical for the second and third trimesters.
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Pregnancy nutrition
Pregnancy nutrition
The essential nourishment that a fetus receives from a mother's healthy diet, supporting fetal growth, development, and overall health, and meeting increased metabolic demands of mother and child.
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Pregnancy & Systems
Pregnancy & Systems
Pregnancy significantly impacts cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems to accommodate the growing fetus and increased metabolic needs.
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Prenancy Weight Gain
Prenancy Weight Gain
Weight gain during pregnancy is crucial, it supports fetal growth and development, and varies based on pre-pregnancy BMI and nutritional status.
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Second & Third Trimester Weight Gain
Second & Third Trimester Weight Gain
The recommended weekly weight gain during the second and third trimesters is about 1 pound.
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Physiological Synergism
Physiological Synergism
This refers to the coordinated effort of the mother, fetus, and placenta to sustain and nurture new life, working together seamlessly.
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Pregnancy Adaptations
- Pregnancy significantly alters the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal (GI) systems.
- Increased metabolic demands require dietary and other adaptations.
- Blood volume, heart rate, renal function, metabolism, and respiratory function all change during pregnancy.
- Maternal nutrition provides the nourishment needed for fetal growth and development.
- Physiological synergy involves collaboration between the mother, fetus, and placenta to support life.
- Weight gain during pregnancy depends on pre-pregnancy nutritional status and BMI.
- Underweight (BMI < 18.5) women need approximately 15 lbs.
- Teenage pregnancies require 35-40 lbs.
- Twin pregnancies need 35-40 lbs.
- Triplet pregnancies need approximately 50 lbs.
- Weight reduction during pregnancy is discouraged.
- Average first-trimester weight gain is 2-4 pounds.
- Subsequent trimester weight gain averages 1 lb per week.
- Energy from food fuels increased metabolic needs for mother and fetus, and supports tissue building.
- Complex carbohydrates, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and protein are preferred energy sources.
Protein Needs During Pregnancy
- Protein is crucial for fetal and placental development, maternal tissue growth, and increased blood volume.
- Amniotic fluid creation also uses protein.
- Protein requirements increase by 25g/day or 50% more compared to a non-pregnant woman's needs.
- Protein-rich foods (milk, eggs, cheese, soy, meat) are complete protein sources.
- Incomplete protein sources include legumes and grains, which can be part of a balanced diet.
Mineral and Vitamin Needs During Pregnancy
- Calcium is vital for fetal bone and tooth development.
- Calcium supplements might be necessary if maternal stores are low or pregnancy involves more than one fetus.
- Iron supports hemoglobin synthesis and fetal iron stores.
- Iron supplementation is recommended, taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, with water or orange juice.
- Iron deficiency can lead to preterm delivery and low birth weight.
- A common side effect of iron supplements is black stools.
- Dietary iron is preferable as it has better bioavailability than supplemental iron.
- Vitamins A and C are needed for tissue growth.
- Vitamin B is necessary for various metabolic processes.
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