Physiologic Obstetrics: Ovarian and Endometrial Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the main regulatory axis responsible for predictable, regular, and cyclical ovulatory menstrual cycles?

  • Pancreatic-Parathyroid Axis
  • Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis (correct)
  • Thyroid-Adrenal Axis
  • Gonadal-Pituitary Axis

Which organ is considered the target of Sex Steroid Hormones in the reproductive process?

  • Endometrium (correct)
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Ovary
  • Hypothalamus

What is the approximate rate of depletion of follicles per month until 35 years old?

  • 500 follicles
  • 1000 follicles (correct)
  • 2000 follicles
  • 100 follicles

What percentage of follicles are ovulated during a woman's entire reproductive life?

<p>More than 99% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gonadotropin-independent recruitment from primordial follicle until the preantral follicle is the stage of:

<p>gonadotropin-dependent recruitment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factors are produced by the oocyte and regulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation as the primary follicle grows?

<p>Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average duration of the menstrual cycle?

<p>28 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does ovulation begin?

<p>Follicular or preovulatory phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do stromal cells surround as the antral follicle develops?

<p>Thecal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves endometrial thickening and selection of a dominant "ovulatory" follicle?

<p>Proliferative phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of corpus luteum during the luteal or postovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle?

<p>Produce estrogen and progesterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of recruitment from primordial follicles to become preantral follicles?

<p>&quot;Gonadotropin-independent&quot; recruitment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Local growth factors" such as GDF9 and BMP-15 are produced by:

<p>&quot;Oocyte&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Semisynchronous growth selection window of the ovarian cycle" refers to:

<p>&quot;Dominant follicle&quot; selection process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"FSH increase in the late luteal phase" stimulates:

<p>&quot;FSH receptor increase&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for preparing the endometrium for implantation during the luteal or postovulatory phase?

<p>Corpus Luteum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The predictable, regular, and cyclical ovulatory menstrual cycles are regulated by the HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN AXIS.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malfunctions of the compartments of the HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN AXIS can lead to reproductive failure or infertility.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rate of depletion of follicles per month is approximately 1,000 until 35 years old.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The endometrium is the target organ of Sex Steroid Hormones in the reproductive process.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Primordial Follicle does not need FSH to become Preantral.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP-15) are controlled by the Ovary.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ovulation begins on Day 14 of the menstrual cycle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average duration of the menstrual cycle is 28 days, with a range of -7 to +7 days.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

FSH increases in the late luteal phase of the previous cycle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Dominant Follicle is selected during the Follicular (Preovulatory) Phase.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Estrogen increases in proportion to the growth of a Dominant Follicle and its number of Granulosa Cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only follicle progressing to a certain stage has the capacity to produce Estrogen.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ovarian Cycle likely begins 1 to 2 days before Day 1 of the Endometrial Cycle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During each Ovarian Cycle, a group of Antral Follicles 'cohort' begins a phase of semisynchronous growth selection window.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Local growth factors" such as GDF9 and BMP-15 are produced by the Oocyte.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Semisynchronous growth selection window of the ovarian cycle" refers to the stage where only one follicle will be chosen to become the DOMINANT FOLLICLE.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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