Physics Work and Force Concepts

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Questions and Answers

If the force acting on an object is plotted on the y-axis and the displacement of the object is plotted on the x-axis, what is the area under the curve of the resulting graph equal to?

  • The acceleration of the object.
  • The kinetic energy of the object.
  • The work done by the force on the object. (correct)
  • The potential energy of the object.

What kind of work is represented by the area below the x-axis in a force-displacement graph?

  • Positive work
  • Work done by gravity
  • Negative work (correct)
  • Zero work

What quantity is represented by the x-axis in a force-displacement graph?

  • Time
  • Force
  • Work
  • Displacement (correct)

A force of 10 N acts on an object, causing it to move a distance of 5 m. What is the work done by the force if the angle between the force and displacement is 60°?

<p>43.3 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A constant force of 20 N acts on an object, moving it 3 m. What is the work done by the force in this scenario?

<p>60 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the force acting on an object is constant and the object moves in the opposite direction of the force, what is the work done by the force?

<p>Negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person lifts a 5 kg box vertically a distance of 2 m. What is the work done on the box by the person? (Assume g = 9.8 m/s²)

<p>98 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car is traveling at a constant speed of 20 m/s. The engine does work on the car to overcome friction and air resistance. What is the net work done on the car?

<p>Zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total work done on an object when it moves at constant velocity, assuming no other forces act on it?

<p>No work is done. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario does NOT involve work being done on the object?

<p>A student leans against a brick wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the total work done on an object, what needs to be considered?

<p>The sum of work done by all acting forces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the total work when forces are acting in opposite directions on an object?

<p>Total work is the difference of the work done by both forces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is moving in the direction of an applied force, what is the angle (u) between the force and displacement?

<p>0 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of work is done if a force is applied in the opposite direction of the object's displacement?

<p>Negative work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of lifting weights, which force opposes the applied force?

<p>Gravitational force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about work done on an object is true?

<p>Work done is the product of force and displacement in the same direction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate work when a force varies during displacement?

<p>Work = Average Force x Displacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of the tow truck pulling a car, what opposing force acts on the car?

<p>Frictional force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a child pulls a wagon at an angle, what affects the mechanical work done on the wagon most significantly?

<p>The angle of the force applied (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When pulling a box horizontally with a friction force acting on it, what must happen for mechanical work to be done?

<p>The applied force must exceed the friction force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the normal force on an object is increased, how does that affect the work done on the object while moving horizontally?

<p>It has no effect on the work done (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation W = Fd represent?

<p>The relationship between work, force, and displacement when the force and displacement are in the same direction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of weightlifting, what is the force being applied?

<p>The force exerted by the weightlifter on the barbell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is work considered a scalar quantity, not a vector quantity?

<p>Because it has no direction associated with it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for work?

<p>Joule (J) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the equation W = Fd change when the force and displacement are not in the same direction?

<p>The force needs to be multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the force and displacement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of work done when a force displaces an object in the direction of the force, as described in the text?

<p>Mechanical work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the equation W = Fd to be accurate?

<p>The object must be moving at a constant velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes weightlifting an example of mechanical work?

<p>The movement of the barbell is a displacement in the direction of the force applied by the weightlifter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the work done by the force of friction when a box moves with constant velocity over a displacement of 12 m?

<p>0 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tension in the rope when the box is being pulled at constant velocity?

<p>Friction Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 62 kg person is in an elevator moving up at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s, what is the work done by the normal force during a 5.0 s ride?

<p>1240 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the work done by gravity if the elevator were to move down at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s for 5.0 s?

<p>It would remain zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a cart being pulled horizontally with a force sensor, if the applied force and the displacement are parallel, what does this imply about the work done?

<p>It is positive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must the work done in section C of the cart's movement be negative?

<p>The displacement is in the opposite direction to the force. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much work would be done on a cart if a force sensor pulls it horizontally from rest to a displacement of 0.5 m with an applied force of 20 N?

<p>20 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an object moving at constant velocity on a rough floor concerning the forces acting on it?

<p>Net force is zero. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person pushing a lawnmower exerts a force of 125 N at an angle of 40.0° below the horizontal. If the person pushes the lawnmower for a distance of 12.0 m, what is the mechanical work done by the person on the lawnmower?

<p>$1.15 \times 10^{3} J$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person pushing a lawnmower does mechanical work on the lawnmower. What is the relationship between the force applied by the person and the direction of motion of the lawnmower for work to be done?

<p>The force must be in the same direction as the motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person pushes a lawnmower with a force of 100 N, but the lawnmower does not move. How much work is done by the person on the lawnmower?

<p>0 J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A custodian pushes a vacuum cleaner with a force of 50 N at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. He pushes the vacuum cleaner for a distance of 3 m. What is the work done by the custodian on the vacuum cleaner?

<p>1.30 x 10^2 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student lifts a book from the floor to a shelf that is 1.5 meters above the floor. The book has a mass of 2 kg. How much work is done by the student on the book?

<p>29.4 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person carries a heavy box across a room, walking at a constant velocity. Does the person do work on the box?

<p>No, because the person is not applying a force in the direction of the box's motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car travels at a constant speed of 20 m/s for 10 seconds. How much work is done by the car's engine?

<p>We need to know the distance traveled by the car to calculate this. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student pushes a box across a frictionless surface. What is the relationship between the work done by the student and the kinetic energy of the box?

<p>The work done by the student equals the change in kinetic energy of the box. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mechanical work

The mechanical work done on an object is the product of the magnitude of the force applied and the magnitude of the object's displacement in the direction of the force.

Work as a scalar

Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction.

SI unit of work

The SI unit of work is the newton metre (N·m), also known as the joule (J).

Work equation

The equation W = Fd applies when the force is constant and the force and displacement are in the same direction.

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Calculating work (constant force)

The work done by a constant force can be calculated using the equation W = Fd, where W is the work, F is the force, and d is the displacement.

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Work in Weightlifting

In weightlifting, work is done when the barbell is lifted from the ground to a position above the head.

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Work in physics

The concept of work in physics refers to the transfer of energy that occurs when a force causes an object to move over a distance.

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Conditions for work

Work is done when a force acts on an object and causes it to displace in the direction of the force or a component of the force.

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Work Done

The work done by a force on an object is equal to the magnitude of the force times the distance the object moves in the direction of the force.

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Zero Work Done

The work done by a force on an object is zero when the object is displaced but there is no force or component of a force in the direction of displacement.

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Unit of Work

The unit of work is the joule (J).

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Positive and Negative Work

The work done by a force on an object is positive if the force and displacement are in the same direction, and negative if they are in opposite directions.

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Work-Energy Theorem

The work done by a force on an object is equal to the change in the object's kinetic energy.

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Work Done by Friction

Work done by friction is always negative.

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Work done by Conservative Force

Work done by a conservative force is independent of path.

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Work (W)

The amount of energy transferred to or from an object by a force acting over a distance.

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Work and Displacement

No work is done if there is no displacement.

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Positive Work

The work done by a force that acts in the same direction as the displacement is positive.

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Negative Work

The work done by a force that acts in the opposite direction of the displacement is negative.

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Total Work

When multiple forces act on an object, the total work done is the algebraic sum of the work done by each force.

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Calculating Work

The work done by a force is calculated as the product of the force and the displacement in the direction of the force.

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Force-position (F-d) graph

The work done by a force on an object can be graphically represented by plotting the magnitude of the force (F) on the y-axis and the magnitude of the object's displacement (d) on the x-axis.

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Area under the F-d graph

The work done by a constant force acting through a displacement is equal to the area under the F-d graph. This area is a rectangle where the height is the constant force and the base is the displacement.

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Work equation (constant force)

The work done by a constant force is calculated using the equation: W = Fd. This equation applies when the force and the displacement are in the same direction.

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What is work in physics?

When a force acts on an object and causes it to move a distance in the direction of the force, work is being done.

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Is work a scalar or a vector?

Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no direction.

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What is the SI unit of work?

The SI unit of work is the joule (J), which is equivalent to one newton-meter (N·m).

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How do you calculate work?

The work done by a constant force is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the force by the magnitude of the displacement in the direction of the force.

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How do you calculate work when the force varies?

When the force varies during the displacement, the work done is equal to the product of the average force and the displacement.

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Can work be negative?

Work done by a force can be positive, negative, or zero. Positive work is done when the force and displacement are in the same direction, negative work is done when they are in opposite directions, and zero work is done when the force is perpendicular to the displacement.

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What does work represent?

Work represents the energy transferred during a process.

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How is work related to the work-energy theorem?

Work is done by forces acting on an object, and it can be calculated using the work-energy theorem, which states that the net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

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What is frictional force?

The force of friction acts in the opposite direction to the object's motion, opposing its movement. This force arises from the interaction between surfaces in contact, like a box and the floor, and it depends on the nature of the surfaces and the force pressing them together.

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What's the definition of work in physics?

Work done by a force is the product of the force and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force. It's a measure of the energy transferred by that force.

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What is a free body diagram (FBD)?

In a free body diagram (FBD), all forces acting on an object are represented by arrows. Their directions and lengths indicate the magnitude and direction of each force.

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How is work calculated for constant force?

If the force applied is constant and acts in the same direction as the object's displacement, the work done is simply the product of the force and the distance moved.

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When is work positive and when is it negative?

The work done by a force is positive if the applied force and the displacement are in the same direction. The work is negative if the force and displacement are in opposite directions.

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What's the work-energy theorem?

The net work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy. This means the total work done by all the forces acting on an object determines its change in motion.

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When is no work done by a force?

If a force is applied perpendicular to an object's motion, no work is done. This is because the force doesn't cause a displacement in its direction.

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How to calculate work from a force-displacement graph?

Since the force from the spring and the cart's displacement are parallel in all sections, we can calculate work as the area under the force-displacement graph. The area under the curve, which represents the work, is positive for sections where the force and displacement are in the same direction and negative when they're opposite.

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Study Notes

Work

  • Work is done when a force causes a displacement in the direction of the force, or a component of the force.
  • The equation for work done by a constant force is: W = F∆d, where W is work, F is force, and ∆d is displacement.
  • The SI unit for work is the joule (J).
  • Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude only, not direction.

Constant Force and Displacement

  • If force and displacement are in the same direction, the whole force contributes to the work done.
  • If force and displacement are not in the same direction, only the component of the force in the direction of the displacement contributes to the work.
  • The equation for this is W = F(cos θ)∆d, where θ is the angle between force and displacement.

Work Done by a Changing Force

  • When the force varies, the work done is calculated by finding the area under the force-displacement graph.
  • Average force in this case is used to calculate work: W = Favg∆d.

Positive and Negative Work

  • Positive work occurs when the force and displacement are in the same direction.
  • Negative work occurs when the force and displacement are in opposite directions.
  • For example, friction will do negative work if it opposes an object's motion (think pushing a box across a rough floor).
  • The total work done by multiple forces is the scalar sum of the work done by the individual forces.

No Work Done

  • No work is done when the force applied is perpendicular to the displacement.
  • Example: holding a heavy object still.
  • Or when there is no displacement: static objects.

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