Physics: Spherical Mirrors and Refraction
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Questions and Answers

What happens when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle?

  • Total internal reflection is possible.
  • No refraction is possible. (correct)
  • Refraction occurs.
  • Light is absorbed by the medium.

    • What is the refractive index of water with respect to air?

  • 1.00
  • 1.33 (correct)
  • 2.42
  • 1.52

    • In the context of total internal reflection, what is represented by the critical angle?

  • The minimum angle of incidence for total reflection.
  • The angle of least deviation.
  • The maximum angle of incidence for refraction. (correct)
  • The angle at which light is completely absorbed.

    • What phenomenon occurs when light strikes the boundary at angles greater than the critical angle?

    <p>Total internal reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium has the lowest critical angle from the given table?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical angle for dense flint glass?

    <p>37.31°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be used to demonstrate total internal reflection?

    <p>Shining a laser through turbid water in a glass beaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When shining a laser pointer from below the beaker in water, which two phenomena are observed?

    <p>Partial reflection and partial refraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average speed of the image when the jogger is positioned between 39 m and 34 m from the mirror?

    <p>$1/280$ m s$^{-1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor causes the speed with which the image appears to move to increase as the jogger approaches the mirror?

    <p>The constant speed of the jogger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a light beam when it encounters a different transparent medium?

    <p>Part of the light is reflected and the rest refracts into the other medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Snell's laws, which rays lie in the same plane at the interface between two media?

    <p>All three: incident ray, refracted ray, and normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of the image when the jogger is at -19 m from the mirror?

    <p>$1/60$ m s$^{-1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a jogger moves at a constant speed of 5 m s$^{-1}$, which image speed corresponds to a position of -29 m from the mirror?

    <p>$1/150$ m s$^{-1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a person in a stationary bus observe a similar phenomenon as a jogger approaching a mirror?

    <p>Because the bus is stationary and the jogger is moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance does the jogger cover in 1 second at a constant speed of 5 m s$^{-1}$?

    <p>5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal focus of a concave mirror?

    <p>A point where reflected rays converge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical mirror?

    <p>f = R/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For paraxial rays striking a convex mirror, what happens to the reflected rays?

    <p>They appear to diverge from a point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of mirrors, what does the term 'focal plane' refer to?

    <p>The plane containing the principal focus that is normal to the principal axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which angle represents the angle of incidence when a ray strikes a spherical mirror?

    <p>The angle between the ray and the normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In small angle approximations for paraxial rays, what is the approximation for tan(2θ)?

    <p>tan(2θ) ≈ 2θ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an incident ray making an angle with the principal axis on a concave mirror?

    <p>It will still converge at the principal focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the point F signify for a convex mirror?

    <p>The point from which light appears to diverge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first focal point of a lens?

    <p>The original source of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ray behavior describes light passing through the optical center of a lens?

    <p>It emerges without any deviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a convex lens, what happens to a ray of light that passes through the first principal focus?

    <p>It emerges parallel to the principal axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magnification (m) produced by a lens if the image is inverted?

    <p>m is negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about concave lenses is true?

    <p>Rays emanating from the first focal point appear to diverge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rays emanate from a single point on an object?

    <p>Infinite number of rays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the second focal point of a lens?

    <p>It is where rays from the object pass through after refraction in a convex lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a given lens, if the object distance (u) is negative, what can be concluded about the image?

    <p>The image is virtual and erect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the refractive index of glass as derived from the information provided?

    <p>1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focal length of a convex lens in water, if its focal length in air is +20 cm?

    <p>+78.2 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the refractive indices for air, glass, and water in this context?

    <p>Air has a refractive index of 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the power of the lens when the focal length is +20 cm?

    <p>+2 dioptre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lens formula for the glass lens in water, which values represent the refractive indices?

    <p>n1 = 1.33, n2 = 1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of image does the first lens produce in the combination of lenses?

    <p>Real image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations is used for determining the focal length for a lens?

    <p>$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{R1} + \frac{1}{R2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two lenses are placed in contact, what does the first lens serve as?

    <p>A real object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spherical Mirrors

    • A single formula applies for spherical mirrors to calculate image formation in all cases.
    • With parallel rays incident on a concave mirror, they converge at a point F - the principal focus.
    • With parallel rays incident on a convex mirror, they appear to diverge from a point F - the principal focus.
    • The focal length f of a mirror is the distance between the focus F and the pole P of the mirror.
    • The focal length f is equal to half the radius of curvature R of the mirror, f = R/2.

    Refraction

    • Refraction is the change in direction of a ray of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another.
    • Snell's law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction: n1 sin i = n2 sin r, where:
      • n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media.
      • i is the angle of incidence.
      • r is the angle of refraction.
    • The critical angle (ic) marks the point where the refracted ray becomes parallel to the interface between the two media.
    • Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, and the light is reflected entirely back into the denser medium.

    Lenses

    • A lens is a transparent medium bound by two curved surfaces (spherical or cylindrical), where at least one surface is curved.
    • Lenses can focus light rays from a point source, forming a real image at a point called the focus.
    • For a convex lens, parallel rays converge at the second principal focus F′.
    • For a concave lens, parallel rays appear to diverge from the first principal focus F.
    • The focal length of a lens is the distance between the focus and the optical center of the lens.
    • The image formed by a lens can be real or virtual, erect or inverted, depending on the position of the object and the lens.
    • The magnification (m) produced by a lens is the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object: m = h′/h = v/u.

    Combination of Thin Lenses

    • When two thin lenses are placed in contact, the focal length of the combination is given by: 1/f = 1/f1 + 1/f2, where f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of the individual lenses.
    • The total power of a combination of thin lenses is the sum of the powers of the individual lenses.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of spherical mirrors and the principles of refraction in this quiz. You'll explore concepts such as image formation, focal length, and Snell's law. Perfect for students of physics looking to solidify their knowledge of optics.

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