Gr 11 Physical Sciences: Ch 4 Sum Intermolecular forces

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for water's high specific heat?

  • The bent shape of the water molecule
  • The large size of the oxygen atom
  • The hydrogen bonds between water molecules (correct)
  • The polar nature of the water molecule

What type of intermolecular force occurs between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like oxygen or fluorine?

  • Covalent bond
  • London dispersion force
  • Dipole-dipole force
  • Hydrogen bond (correct)

What is the result of strong intermolecular forces in a substance?

  • Low melting and boiling points
  • High viscosity and low surface tension
  • Low viscosity and high surface tension
  • High melting and boiling points (correct)

What is the name of the force that occurs between molecules with a permanent dipole?

<p>Dipole-dipole force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the resistance of a liquid to flow?

<p>Viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increasing the number of carbon atoms in an organic compound like an alkane?

<p>Increased boiling and melting points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force occurs within a molecule?

<p>Interatomic force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a substance to conduct heat?

<p>Thermal conductivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of strong intermolecular forces in a substance in terms of its phase?

<p>It becomes a solid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when substances are heated, according to the kinetic molecular theory?

<p>The molecules move more vigorously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ionic bonds in the solute when it interacts with water?

<p>They are disrupted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds can dissolve in water due to hydrogen bonding?

<p>Polar covalent compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do non-polar substances not dissolve well in water?

<p>Due to the lack of attraction between water molecules and non-polar molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that summarizes the solvent properties of water?

<p>Like dissolves like (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in biological functions?

<p>To facilitate transport and biochemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in environmental processes?

<p>To enable the distribution of nutrients in soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why water can absorb infra-red radiation from the sun?

<p>The vibrational and rotational movements of water molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intermolecular forces?

<p>To determine the physical properties of substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point of water at standard pressure?

<p>100°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does water have a higher melting and boiling point compared to other molecular compounds of similar size and mass?

<p>Due to the presence of hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a difference in electronegativity between atoms in a molecule?

<p>A polar molecule with a slightly positive and negative charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular force exists between an ion and a non-polar molecule?

<p>Ion-Induced Dipole Force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy needed to change a given quantity of a substance into a gas?

<p>Heat of vaporisation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water less dense in its solid phase (ice) than in its liquid phase?

<p>Due to the open hexagonal structure in ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the special case of dipole-dipole forces?

<p>Hydrogen Bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular force occurs between non-polar molecules?

<p>Induced Dipole Force (London Dispersion Force) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which ionic compounds dissolve in water?

<p>Hydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does water remain in the liquid state under most environmental conditions?

<p>Due to the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of dipole-induced dipole forces?

<p>Chloroform (CHCl3) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's high heat of vaporisation in regulating body temperature?

<p>It helps to cool the body through perspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

<p>Covalent Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does ice float as it solidifies?

<p>Due to its open hexagonal structure in ice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for molecules that have a slightly positive and negative charge?

<p>Dipole molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of water's ability to absorb and store heat energy?

<p>It helps to regulate Earth's climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intermolecular forces?

<p>To determine the physical properties of substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force occurs between a polar molecule and a non-polar molecule?

<p>Dipole-induced dipole force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a temporary dipole in a non-polar molecule?

<p>A weak attraction is formed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the attraction between two polar molecules?

<p>Dipole-dipole force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for molecules that have a slightly positive and negative charge?

<p>Dipole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is present in all molecules?

<p>Induced dipole force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an ion interacting with a polar molecule?

<p>A strong attraction is formed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the temporary dipole that occurs in non-polar molecules?

<p>Instantaneous dipole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the unique properties of water?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of weak intermolecular forces in a substance?

<p>Low melting and boiling points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's high specific heat?

<p>It helps to moderate the Earth's climate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a substance with strong intermolecular forces?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a substance to resist changes in temperature?

<p>Specific heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increasing the number of carbon atoms in an organic compound like an alkane?

<p>Increased boiling point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intermolecular forces?

<p>Exist within molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas?

<p>Evaporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in water?

<p>They are responsible for water's unique properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of strong intermolecular forces in a substance in terms of its viscosity?

<p>It is more viscous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows substances like ethanol and sugar to dissolve in water?

<p>The ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why non-polar substances do not dissolve well in water?

<p>The lack of attraction between water molecules and non-polar molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in facilitating transport and biochemical reactions in living organisms?

<p>It transports nutrients, gases, and waste products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's ability to dissolve a wide range of substances?

<p>It makes water essential to many natural and human-made processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in plants?

<p>It transports minerals from the soil and nutrients produced in photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of water's ability to dissolve oxygen and carbon dioxide in aquatic ecosystems?

<p>It supports the growth of phytoplankton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for water's ability to moderate the Earth's climate?

<p>Vibrational and rotational movements of water molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's large temperature range?

<p>It prevents extreme temperature changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules?

<p>Higher melting and boiling points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of water's high heat of vaporisation in the environment?

<p>It prevents the evaporation of bodily water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ice being less dense than liquid water?

<p>It prevents entire bodies of water from freezing solid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for water's high ability to dissolve ionic and polar substances?

<p>Its polarity and hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the open hexagonal structure of ice?

<p>Less dense solid phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of water's ability to absorb and store heat energy?

<p>It prevents extreme temperature changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of water's high heat of vaporisation in regulating body temperature?

<p>It helps to regulate body temperature through perspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrogen bonding in the dissolution of ionic compounds?

<p>It helps to stabilize the ions in solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intermolecular forces is responsible for the bent or angular shape of water molecules?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why larger molecules tend to have stronger intermolecular forces?

<p>The increased surface area of the molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of water is NOT directly affected by its high specific heat?

<p>Solubility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules being disrupted?

<p>The water molecules move more rapidly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a substance with weak intermolecular forces?

<p>Helium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the unique properties of water in regulating environmental temperatures?

<p>Moderation of the Earth's climate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of interatomic forces?

<p>They are responsible for the shape of a molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why water has a high boiling point compared to other molecular compounds of similar size and mass?

<p>The presence of hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a substance with strong intermolecular forces that is NOT a liquid at room temperature?

<p>Ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the hydrogen bonds in water molecules being disrupted during evaporation?

<p>The water molecules move more rapidly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why water is able to absorb and store heat energy from the sun?

<p>The vibrational and rotational movements of water molecules trap and store heat energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does water have a higher boiling point than many other molecular compounds of similar size and mass?

<p>Because of the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's high heat of vaporization in regulating body temperature?

<p>It provides a cooling effect when sweat evaporates from the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does ice float as it solidifies?

<p>Because ice is less dense than liquid water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules?

<p>To provide structure and cohesion to liquid water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's ability to absorb and store heat energy in the environment?

<p>It helps to regulate the Earth's climate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water an effective solvent for many ionic and polar substances?

<p>Because of its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the strong intermolecular forces between water molecules on the melting and boiling points of water?

<p>They increase the melting and boiling points of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the floating ice in the environment?

<p>It insulates the liquid water beneath, preventing it from freezing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does water remain in the liquid state under most environmental conditions?

<p>Because of its ability to form hydrogen bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the existence of ion-dipole forces?

<p>The attraction between an ion and a polar molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intermolecular forces is responsible for the attraction between two non-polar molecules?

<p>Induced dipole forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a polar molecule inducing a dipole in a non-polar molecule?

<p>Dipole-induced dipole forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intermolecular forces is present in all molecules?

<p>Induced dipole forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the temporary dipole that occurs in non-polar molecules?

<p>Instantaneous dipole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intermolecular forces is responsible for the attraction between a positive ion and a polar molecule?

<p>Ion-dipole forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a difference in electronegativity between atoms in a molecule?

<p>A polar molecule with a permanent dipole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intermolecular forces is a special case of dipole-dipole forces?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which water dissolves polar covalent compounds?

<p>Hydrogen bonding between water molecules and polar covalent compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying principle behind the 'like dissolves like' rule?

<p>Solvents with similar polarity to the solute can dissolve the solute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in facilitating transport and biochemical reactions in living organisms?

<p>Water provides a medium for the transport of nutrients, gases, and waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of water's ability to dissolve a wide range of substances?

<p>Water is integral to many natural and human-made processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way in which water supports aquatic ecosystems?

<p>Water dissolves oxygen and carbon dioxide, supporting aquatic life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's ability to dissolve and transport minerals in plants?

<p>It facilitates the transport of minerals from the soil to the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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