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Questions and Answers
What device is commonly used to measure fluid pressure and is U-shaped?
What device is commonly used to measure fluid pressure and is U-shaped?
- Diaphragm gauge
- Manometer (correct)
- Thermocouple
- Bourdon tube
What condition describes a vacuum?
What condition describes a vacuum?
- Pressure at absolute zero
- Pressure less than atmospheric pressure (correct)
- Pressure greater than atmospheric pressure
- Pressure equal to atmospheric pressure
What is the term for mass per unit volume?
What is the term for mass per unit volume?
- Weight
- Volume
- Force
- Density (correct)
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level measured in psia?
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level measured in psia?
When force increases while area remains constant, what happens to pressure?
When force increases while area remains constant, what happens to pressure?
What pressure is exerted by one cubic foot of water in psig?
What pressure is exerted by one cubic foot of water in psig?
Which pressure measurement indicates zero on the psig scale?
Which pressure measurement indicates zero on the psig scale?
How is head pressure calculated in relation to specific gravity?
How is head pressure calculated in relation to specific gravity?
Which scenario is more dangerous if a vessel ruptures at 1,000 pounds psig?
Which scenario is more dangerous if a vessel ruptures at 1,000 pounds psig?
What happens to pressure when the area over which force is applied increases?
What happens to pressure when the area over which force is applied increases?
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Study Notes
Manometers
- Manometers are U-shaped devices used to measure pressure.
- They work by allowing fluid to flow freely between chambers, indicating pressure differences.
Pressure
- Pressure is a force exerted over an area.
- Pressure can be caused by gravity (liquids and solids) or heat (gases).
- Increased force leads to higher pressure.
- Increased area leads to lower pressure.
Atmospheric Pressure
- Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 psia (pounds per square inch absolute).
- Atmospheric pressure decreases at higher altitudes.
Pressure Units
- psig (pounds per square inch gauge) refers to pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, with zero representing atmospheric pressure.
- psia (pounds per square inch absolute) refers to pressure relative to a vacuum, with zero representing absolute zero pressure.
Density and Specific Gravity
- Density is defined as mass per unit volume.
- One cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 pounds.
- Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of water.
Head Pressure
- Head pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of fluid due to its weight.
- Formula for head pressure: P= H x SG x 0.433 (P = pressure, H = height, SG = specific gravity, 0.433 = pressure exerted by one cubic foot of water).
Gas vs. Liquid Pressure
- Gas pressure is considered more dangerous than liquid pressure at the same pressure reading.
- This is because gases are compressible and can expand rapidly, while liquids are less compressible.
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