Physics of Fluids and Hydrostatics

Water wets glass due to adhesion between water molecules and the glass surface, which is stronger than the cohesion among water molecules.

The water climbs approximately 21.5 cm up the tube.

True.

<p>False.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compressibility measures the change in volume of the fluid when subjected to external forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In fluids at rest, only normal stresses are present as shear stress is zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrostatic pressure acts as a compressive stress and always acts normal to the surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, the magnitude does not depend on the orientation of the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piezometric height indicates the potential energy of a fluid at rest, helping to determine pressure levels in various applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific potential energy refers to the potential energy per unit mass of a fluid, often expressed in terms of height in a gravitational field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For a perfect gas, the equation of state can be expressed as $p = ho RT$, where $p$ is pressure, $ ho$ is density, $R$ is the gas constant, and $T$ is absolute temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process where the temperature remains constant while a gas is being compressed or expanded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An isentropic process is adiabatic and reversible, meaning there is no heat transfer and the process is frictionless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure variation in the atmosphere can be evaluated using the equation dp/dz = -γ, which describes how pressure changes with elevation under the influence of gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compute atmospheric pressure at elevation H, the atmosphere is assumed to behave as a static fluid with standard conditions at sea level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perfect gas model simplifies the behavior of gases, allowing for easier calculations and predictions under various thermodynamic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative equilibrium of a liquid is when the fluid moves as a cohesive mass without relative motion between its particles, similar to a solid body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two body forces acting on a liquid mass in relative equilibrium are gravity force and inertia force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure distribution within the accelerating fluid is given by the equation $P = ρ(-ax - gz)$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The angle of inclination of the fluid surface is determined by the ratio of the horizontal body force acceleration to the vertical body force acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A static situation in an accelerating fluid refers to a condition where the fluid's properties do not change over time despite the acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uniform linear horizontal acceleration leads to a non-linear pressure distribution, causing variations in pressure at different heights within the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying body forces is crucial for accurately solving problems related to fluid behavior and understanding pressure distributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inertia acceleration is the acceleration opposing the imposed acceleration and has the same magnitude but acts in the opposite direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic equation is $p = \rho U + C$ where $C$ is the constant of integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant $C$ is determined using the equation $C = p_0 - \rho U_0$ at a known point in the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$U(x, y, z)$ represents a potential function that describes the fluid's state based on its coordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluids can be in a state of equilibrium only when acted upon by potential forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure $p$ at a point in the fluid due to gravity is expressed as $dp = -\rho g \cdot dz$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The final form is $p = -\gamma z + C$, where $\gamma$ is the specific weight of the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\rho$ represents the density of the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The coordinates (x, y, z) are used to define the potential function U, which is crucial for calculating body forces in the fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angular velocity ensures that the liquid appears at rest relative to the rotating container, allowing for the application of hydrostatic principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravity acts downward, while centripetal force acts outward, influencing the pressure distribution throughout the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic differential equation of hydrostatics is applicable, indicating how pressure changes with respect to height in a rotating fluid scenario.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friction, both internal and external, is zero, allowing the liquid to rotate uniformly without dissipating energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrostatic force can be determined by integrating the pressure over the area of the inclined plane at various depths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parameters include the depth of the surface in the fluid, the fluid density, and the gravitational acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's crucial in irrigation engineering, dam engineering, and river transportation systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure in the rotating container varies with depth and angular position, dictated by the balance of gravitational and centripetal forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers