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Which course is listed as being the same across all branches of Engineering?
What grading scale is used for assessing Student Centered Activities?
Which of the following pairs of courses are stated to be the same?
What internal assessment marks do tutorials contribute toward?
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Which of the following courses is not listed as being the same as any other course?
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Which type of pressure is measured relative to atmospheric pressure?
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What does the Reynolds Number help determine in fluid flow?
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Which type of flow is characterized by smooth, orderly fluid motion?
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What does Bernoulli's theorem primarily relate to?
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How is the energy of a flowing liquid categorized?
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In which scenario would a U-tube manometer be most appropriate?
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What unit is typically used to express discharge in fluid mechanics?
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What does the concept of pressure head refer to?
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What is the total credit value for the Public Health Engineering course?
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How many hours per week are allocated for the Entrepreneurship and Start-ups course?
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Which of the following elective courses has the highest total marks?
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What is the internal assessment mark allocated for the Major Project?
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Which subject has a total duration of 2 hours for its practical?
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What is the total number of subjects offered in the mentioned academic program?
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How many hours per week is allocated for the Seminar course?
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Which category includes courses related to the Indian Constitution?
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What is the total number of credits for the entire program?
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Which of the following indicates the total marks obtainable in the course 'Anandam (Joy of Giving)'?
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What is the primary purpose of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) in civil engineering material testing?
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Which test is specifically used to determine the tensile strength of mild steel?
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What type of loading condition is analyzed when interpreting shear force and bending moment diagrams?
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Which of the following tests can be performed to evaluate the impact resistance of metals?
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What are the specific conditions under which compressive strength tests for bricks are performed?
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Which of the following materials can undergo a flexural test?
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Which of the following standards pertains to the compression test performed on timber?
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What is one of the main goals of calculating flexural strength for different types of floor tiles?
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What is the total credit value for the Major Project?
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How many hours per week are allocated for the Design of Steel and RCC Structure?
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Which elective course has the highest credit value among the options listed?
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What marks are allocated for the internal assessment of Estimating Costing and Valuation?
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What is the total number of subjects listed in the table?
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Which lab course has the highest marks allocated in the given content?
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What is the total credit value of the Open Elective-I?
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Which subject is part of the Programme Elective - III?
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How many total hours are designated for practical components in the course structure?
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What is the combined total of marks for the End Semester Exam and Internal Assessment for the Design of Steel and RCC Structure?
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Study Notes
Course Outcomes
- Students will learn to measure pressure and calculate total hydrostatic pressure in various scenarios.
- They will understand different parameters associated with fluid flow, including types of flow, Reynolds number, discharge, and energy of flowing liquids.
- Students will be able to calculate head loss of fluid flow through pipes.
- They will learn to analyze fluid flow parameters in open channels.
- Students will be able to select hydraulic pumps for different applications.
Pressure Measurement and Hydrostatic Pressure
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Technical terms used in Hydraulics:
- Fluid - A substance that deforms continuously under applied shear stress.
- Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids and their behavior.
- Hydraulics - The study of fluids at rest or in motion.
- Hydrostatics - The study of fluids at rest.
- Hydrodynamics - The study of fluids in motion.
- Ideal Fluid - Incompressible, inviscid, and non-turbulent fluid.
- Real Fluid - Possesses viscosity and compressibility, and can be turbulent.
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Physical Properties of Fluid:
- Density - Mass per unit volume.
- Specific Volume - Volume per unit mass.
- Specific Gravity - Ratio of density of fluid to density of water.
- Vapor Pressure - The pressure exerted by the vapor of a liquid in equilibrium with its liquid.
- Surface Tension - Force per unit length acting perpendicular to a line drawn on the surface.
- Capillarity - The rise or fall of liquid in a narrow tube due to surface tension.
- Viscosity - Resistance to flow.
- Newton's Law of Viscosity - The shear stress is proportional to the rate of strain.
- Dynamic Viscosity - Viscosity of a fluid.
- Kinematic Viscosity - Dynamic viscosity divided by density.
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Various Types of Pressure:
- Atmospheric Pressure - The pressure exerted by the atmosphere.
- Gauge Pressure - The difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.
- Absolute Pressure - The total pressure exerted by a fluid.
- Vacuum Pressure - Absolute pressure below atmospheric pressure.
- Concept of Pressure Head - Equivalent height of a column of fluid that exerts the same pressure. Measured in meters.
- Pascal's Law - Pressure applied at any point in an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point within the fluid. Applications include hydraulic systems and presses.
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Measurement of Differential Pressure:
- Manometers - Devices used to measure pressure differences.
- Piezometer - A simple manometer consisting of a vertical tube open at the top. Has limitations in measuring pressure.
- U-tube - A manometer with a U-shaped tube. Simple, differential, and can be inverted.
- Micro-manometers - Manometers designed for precise measurements.
- Inclined tube micro-manometers - Micro-manometers with an inclined arm to increase accuracy.
- Manometers - Devices used to measure pressure differences.
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Variation of Pressure with Depth:
- Pressure Diagram - A graph showing the variation of pressure with depth.
- Hydrostatic Pressure - Pressure due to the weight of a fluid.
- Center of Pressure - The point on an immersed surface where the total hydrostatic force acts.
Fluid Flow Parameters
- **Types of flow:**
- **Gravity Flow** - Flow due to the force of gravity.
- **Pressure Flow** - Flow due to a pressure difference.
- **Laminar Flow** - Smooth, orderly flow with parallel streamlines.
- **Turbulent Flow** - Chaotic flow with irregular streamlines.
- **Uniform Flow** - Flow with constant velocity and pressure throughout.
- **Non-uniform Flow** - Flow with varying velocity and pressure.
- **Steady Flow** - Flow with constant properties at a point over time.
- **Unsteady Flow** - Flow with properties changing over time.
- **Reynolds Number** - A dimensionless number that predicts flow regime (laminar or turbulent).
- **Discharge** - The volume of fluid flowing per unit time. Measured in cubic meters per second.
- **Continuity Equation of Flow** - The product of the cross-sectional area and velocity at any point is constant.
- **Energy of Flowing Liquid:**
- **Potential Energy** - Energy due to the height of the liquid.
- **Kinetic Energy** - Energy due to the velocity of the liquid.
- **Pressure Energy** - Energy due to the pressure of the liquid.
- **Bernoulli's Theorem** - States that the total energy of a flowing liquid remains constant along a streamline, assuming incompressible, inviscid, and steady flow.
Course Content:
- The course includes topics like:
- Technical terms used in Hydraulics.
- Physical properties of fluids.
- Various types of pressure.
- Measurement of differential pressure.
- Variation of pressure with depth.
- Fluid flow parameters, including types of flow, Reynolds number, discharge, and continuity equation.
- Energy of flowing liquids and Bernoulli's Theorem.
Teaching and Examination Scheme:
- The course credit is 3.
- The course is delivered through a combination of lectures, tutorials, and practicals.
- There are two examinations:
- Internal Assessment: Includes practical marks, class tests, and tutorials/assignments.
- End Semester Exam: Consists of a theory exam and practical exam.
List of Practicals to be Performed:
- Students will perform experiments on the Universal Testing Machine for various materials.
- They will conduct tension tests on steel materials.
- Students will perform compression tests on different samples.
- Impact tests (Izod and Charpy) on multiple metals will be conducted.
- Water absorption and compressive strength tests will be performed on specific samples.
- Specific tests on floor tiles include abrasion, single shear, and double shear.
- Compression tests on timber sections will be performed.
- Shear force and bending moment diagrams will be plotted for different beam types.
- Flexural tests on timber and floor tiles will be conducted.
Suggested Learning Resources:
- Students are advised to refer to multiple books for this course.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fluid measurements and hydrostatic pressure. This quiz covers key concepts such as types of fluid flow, Reynolds number, and energy in flowing liquids. Additionally, you'll explore calculations related to head loss in pipes and hydraulic pump selection.
