Physics Motion and Forces Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula to calculate stopping distance in an emergency?

The stopping distance is the sum of thinking distance and braking distance.

List three factors that can affect the thinking distance of a driver.

Speed of the car, reaction time, and distractions such as alcohol or drugs.

How does Hooke's Law relate to braking distance?

Hooke's Law indicates that the extension of an elastic object (like a tire) is proportional to the force applied, which can affect braking distance.

What is meant by braking distance?

<p>Braking distance refers to the distance traveled while the vehicle is under braking force until it comes to a stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of road conditions that can affect braking distance.

<p>Wet or icy roads and uneven road surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about an object's speed when the gradient of its graph is flat?

<p>The object is at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between the steepness of a graph and the speed of an object.

<p>A steeper graph indicates that the object is moving faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine if an object is slowing down using a speed-time graph?

<p>The object's speed will show a decreasing gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating acceleration?

<p>Acceleration can be calculated using the formula $a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cat accelerates from 2 m/s to 6 m/s over 56 seconds, what is its acceleration?

<p>The acceleration is $0.071 m/s^2$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final speed of a van that starts at 23 m/s and decelerates uniformly at 2.0 m/s² over 112 m?

<p>The final speed is $19 m/s$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a graph of an object's motion have sections where the gradient is decreasing?

<p>Those sections indicate that the object is slowing down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of the gradient in understanding an object's velocity.

<p>The gradient represents the speed of the object; a steeper gradient corresponds to a higher speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between vector and scalar quantities?

<p>Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, while scalar quantities only have magnitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton's second law, what happens when forces on an object are unbalanced?

<p>The object will accelerate or decelerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate weight using mass?

<p>Weight can be calculated using the formula $W = m imes g$, where $m$ is mass in kilograms and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what a gradient represents on a distance-time graph.

<p>The gradient on a distance-time graph represents the object's speed or velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

<p>The area under a velocity-time graph represents the distance traveled by the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the acceleration of an object is negative, what does this imply about its motion?

<p>Negative acceleration implies that the object is decelerating or slowing down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the forces acting on an object experiencing buoyancy in water.

<p>The forces include the weight of the object acting downward and the buoyant force acting upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define acceleration in terms of velocity and time.

<p>Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity per unit time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the weight of an object?

<p>The weight of an object can vary based on its mass and the local acceleration due to gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object's motion if it is suspended in the air with balanced forces?

<p>If the forces are balanced, the object will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acceleration

The rate at which an object's speed changes over time.

Gradient

The steepness of a line on a graph, representing how much a quantity changes over a given interval.

Instantaneous Speed

The speed of an object at a specific instant in time.

Speed

The rate of change of distance over time. On a distance-time graph, it's represented by the gradient.

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Stationary

A flat line on a distance-time graph indicates the object is not moving.

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Faster Speed

A steeper line on a distance-time graph means the object is moving faster.

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Slowing Down

A decreasing gradient on a distance-time graph means the object is slowing down.

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Displacement

The distance traveled in a specific direction.

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Scalar Quantity

A quantity having only magnitude, such as speed, mass, and temperature.

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Vector Quantity

A quantity having both magnitude and direction, such as velocity, force, and acceleration.

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Weight

The force of gravity acting on an object's mass, measured in Newtons (N)

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Mass

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg).

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Force

A push or pull that can cause a change in motion.

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Velocity

The rate of change of displacement over time, measured in meters per second (m/s).

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Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

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Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.

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Air Resistance

A force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid.

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Stopping Distance

The total distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver identifies a hazard to when the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

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Thinking Distance

The distance travelled by a vehicle during the time interval between the driver noticing a hazard and applying the brakes.

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Braking Distance

The distance travelled by a vehicle after the brakes have been applied, until it comes to a complete stop.

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How is Stopping Distance calculated?

Stopping distance is the total distance travelled by a vehicle during an emergency stop. It is calculated by adding the thinking distance and the braking distance.

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Relationship between speed and distance

The distance travelled by a vehicle is directly proportional to the square of its speed. This means that if the speed doubles, the distance travelled quadruples.

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Study Notes

Motion Graphs

  • Graphs display motion types.
  • Distance-time graphs show speed.
  • Steeper gradients represent faster speeds.
  • Flat lines indicate stops.
  • Velocity-time graphs show acceleration.
  • Gradient = acceleration.
  • Area under graph = distance.

Calculating Speed, Distance, and Time

  • Speed = distance/time.
  • Use equations to find initial/final velocity, acceleration, time.
  • Variables include initial velocity (u), final velocity (v), acceleration (a), time (t), and distance (s).

Describing Forces

  • Forces are pushing or pulling.
  • Use diagrams to show forces.
  • Resultant force is the net force.
  • Vectors have magnitude and direction.
  • Scalars only have magnitude.

Motion Types

  • Different types of motion (e.g., accelerating, decelerating, steady speed).
  • Identifying different motion types from graphs.

Acceleration

  • Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity.
  • Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)/time.
  • Formula: a = (v - u)/t

Newton's Second Law

  • Force equals mass times acceleration.
  • Formula: F = ma.
  • Calculating resultant force, mass, or acceleration using the formula.

Weight and Mass

  • Weight is the force of gravity on an object.
  • Weight = mass x gravity (on Earth, approximately 9.81 m/s²).
  • Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Stopping Distance

  • Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance.
  • Factors affecting thinking distance: reaction time.
  • Factors affecting braking distance: speed, road conditions, tires, braking system.

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