Physics Chapter: Friction and Kinematics
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Physics Chapter: Friction and Kinematics

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Questions and Answers

What is the sprinter's acceleration rate?

  • 5.0 m/s²
  • 4.0 m/s²
  • 2.5 m/s²
  • 3.3 m/s² (correct)

    • The motion detector uses light technology to measure an object's position.

    False

    What is the sprinter's top speed?

    15 m/s

    In the equation for distance, the initial velocity (vo) is equal to ______.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab equipment is used to measure an object's position?

    <p>Motion Detector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the laboratory equipment with their functionalities:

    <p>Rail = Tracks wheeled carts for motion Wheeled cart = Moves along the rail Motion Detector = Measures distance using ultrasound LabQuest Mini = Computer interface for data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graphs need to be drawn after analyzing velocity vs. time graphs?

    <p>Acceleration vs. time graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary kinematic quantity represented by a position-vs-time graph?

    <p>Position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LoggerPro software is not utilized for data collection or analysis in the lab.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acceleration due to Earth's gravity at the surface is approximately 9.8 m/s² downward.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the velocity of an object when it is thrown straight up?

    <p>The velocity decreases until it reaches zero at the highest point, then increases as it falls back down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acceleration of an object in free fall is primarily due to __________.

    <p>gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the kinematic action with its effect on velocity:

    <p>Thrown up = Velocity decreases Dropped from rest = Velocity increases Thrown down = Velocity increases Slowing down = Velocity decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which of the following actions would an object experience a negative acceleration?

    <p>When it is thrown straight up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The direction of acceleration is always the same as the direction of velocity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the position of an object affect its velocity?

    <p>The position of an object determines how far it has traveled over time, affecting its velocity based on its change in position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to an object when friction is absent or negligible?

    <p>It continues to move with constant velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frictional forces always act in the direction of an object's motion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of friction on a moving object?

    <p>It causes the object to decelerate and eventually stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationships between position, velocity, and acceleration can be described mathematically using _______.

    <p>calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kinematic aspects with their definitions:

    <p>Position = The location of an object at a specific time. Velocity = The rate of change of position. Acceleration = The rate of change of velocity. Displacement = The change in position of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kinematic equation relates initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, and displacement?

    <p>All the above are kinematic equations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area under the curve of a velocity vs time graph represents the displacement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine the acceleration at a particular instant from a velocity vs time graph?

    <p>By calculating the slope of the graph at that instant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of clicking the STAT button with '1' and '2' on it?

    <p>To display the statistics of your run</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should measure from the side of the cart that is closest to the sensor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do to observe the differences between two datasets?

    <p>Compare the graphs of both trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scale of your data can be adjusted by clicking the _____ button.

    <p>Autoscale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the actions with the correct descriptions.

    <p>Store Latest Run = Saves the current dataset Hide Data Set = Conceals a specific run from view Show Data Set = Displays a previously concealed run Autoscale = Adjusts plot size to fit data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended distance to begin testing for potential dead zones?

    <p>100 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is necessary to store each trial data before hiding them.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a graph that appears as a nearly horizontal line?

    <p>The scale is too large.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action you should take before launching the cart on the track?

    <p>Raise one end of the track</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should not remove your hand immediately after giving the cart a push.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool can be used to analyze the average acceleration of the cart?

    <p>Statistics tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ of the track must be measured relative to the horizontal tabletop.

    <p>angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps with their corresponding actions:

    <p>C4 = Launch the cart uphill C5 = Measure the angle of the track C6 = Analyze uphill motion C8 = Draw graphs of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded in LoggerPro during C4?

    <p>The entire motion of the cart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to evaluate the precision of the measurement tool?

    <p>Uncertainty of the measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The speed at the turn-around point is irrelevant to the experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Friction

    • Friction is a force acting against the motion of objects
    • Friction causes moving objects to decelerate to a stop
    • Friction always acts opposite to an object's motion

    Important Learning Objectives

    • Describe the relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration
    • Identify features of a graph: axes, slope, intercepts, maxima, minima
    • Interpret a motion diagram to describe an object's behavior
    • Understand the relationships between position, velocity, and acceleration in terms of calculus
    • Apply the four kinematic equations to solve problems involving moving objects
    • Determine velocity, acceleration, displacement, and change in velocity from graphs
    • Generate graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration from one another
    • Explain the acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface
    • Explain how an object's position, velocity, and acceleration change when thrown upward, downward, or dropped

    Motivation and Real-World Context

    • Kinematics is the study of how objects move
    • Understanding kinematics is important for preventing injuries from large accelerations or decelerations
    • Kinematics is essential to biomechanics, understanding how and why the human body moves
    • Kinematic data is used to create prosthetic limbs and joints

    Pre-Lab Assignment:

    • Position vs. Time Graph - Identify points on a graph where an object is slowing down, turning around, speeding up, stationary, moving left, moving right, and moving fastest
    • Motion Diagrams - Determine the sign (+, -, or 0) of initial and final positions, velocities, and accelerations for horizontal and vertical motion based on diagram
    • Sprinter Problem - Calculate:
      • Time to reach top speed
      • Time to complete a 100m dash
    • Velocity vs. Time Graphs - Draw the corresponding acceleration vs. time graphs
    • Acceleration vs. Time Graphs - Draw the corresponding velocity vs. time graphs assuming an initial velocity of 0 m/s

    Lab Equipment

    • Rail
    • Wheeled cart
    • Motion Detector (Position Sensor)
    • LabQuest Mini™ computer interface
    • Lab jack
    • Meter stick
    • Protractor

    Tutorial: Motion Detection with Logger Pro

    • The motion detector measures the distance to a target object
    • The Logger Pro software records, displays, and analyzes data
    • Learn to:
      • Zero the detector
      • Set the direction of the position sensor
      • Start a data collection run
      • Display data statistics
      • Hide or display data runs
      • Save data to a file

    Lab Activities:

    • Familiarize with Logger Pro by collecting and analyzing data
    • Experiment with raising one end of the track to generate different types of motion
    • Analyze the motion of a cart moving uphill and downhill on an inclined track, recording the average acceleration and uncertainty for both sections
    • Graph the position, velocity, and acceleration vs. time for the motion of the cart
    • Determine the speed at the turn-around point and the acceleration during the uphill and downhill motions

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    Related Documents

    Lab 2: Position, Velocity, and Acceleration (Physics 1AL)

    Description

    Explore the concepts of friction and kinematics in this comprehensive quiz. Understand the relationships between position, velocity, and acceleration, and learn to interpret motion diagrams and graphs. Test your knowledge on kinematic equations and how they apply to real-world scenarios.

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